Chapter 22: Life In The 1800s

Question 1

Companionate Marriage

Answer 1

Marriage based on romantic love and middle-class family values that became increasingly dominant in the second half of the nineteenth century.

Question 2

Evolution

Answer 2

The idea, applied by thinkers in many fields, that stresses gradual change and continuous adjustment.

Question 3

Germ Theory

Answer 3

The idea that disease was caught by the spread of living organisms that could be controlled.

Question 4

Labor Aristocracy

Answer 4

The highly skilled workers, such as factory foremen and construction bosses, who made up about 15 percent of the working classes from about 1850 to 1914.

Question 5

Realism

Answer 5

A literary movement that, in contrast to romanticism, stressed the depiction of life how it actually was

Question 6

Second Industrial Revolution

Answer 6

The burst of industrial creativity and technological innovation that promoted strong economic growth in the last third of the 19th century.

Question 7

Socialism

Answer 7

A backlash against the emergence of individualism and the fragmentation of industrial society; and a mob toward cooperation and a sense of community; the key ideas were economic planning, greater social equality, and state regulation of property.

Question 8

Suffrage Movement

Answer 8

A militant movement for women’s rights to vote led by middle-class British women around 1900.

Question 9

Sweated Industries

Answer 9

Poorly paid handicraft production, often carried out by married women paid by the piece and working at home.

Question 10

Thermodynamics

Answer 10

A branch of physics built on Newton’s laws of mechanics that investigated the relationship between heat and mechanical energy.

Question 11

Utilitarianism

Answer 11

The idea of Jeremy Bentham that social policies should promote the “greatest good for the greatest number.”