Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy Ashley > Chapter 23 > Flashcards

Chapter 23 Flashcards

1
Q

Organs of the urinary system

A

Kidneys ureters urinary bladder urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

8 roles of the urinary system

A

Filter blood plasma excrete toxic metabolic waste

Regulate blood volume pressure regulating water output

Regulate electrolyte and acid-base balance

Secrete hormones supports oxygen carrying capacity of blood

Regulate calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism

Clear hormones and drugs from the blood

Detoxify free radicals

Support blood glucose levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Waste

A

Substance useless to the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Metabolic waste

A

Waste substance produced by the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Nitrogenous waste

A

Metabolic waste small nitrogen containing compound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Blood urea nitrogen

A

Level of nitrogenous waste in the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

3 Nitrogen wastes

A

Urea uric acid creatine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the respiratory system excrete

A

Carbon dioxide gases and water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the integumentary system excrete

A

Water in organic salts lactic acid and urea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the digestive system secrete

A

Food residue water salts CO2 lipids bile pigments cholesterol metabolic waste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the urinary system excrete

A

Metabolic waste toxins drugs hormones salts hydrogen ions water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Flow of fluid from Glomerular filtrate to when Urine leaves body

A

Descending limb nephron loop ascending limb distal con voluted tube collecting duct papillary duct minor calyx major Calyx renal pelvis ureter urinary bladder urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cortical nephrons

A

Close to kidney surface short neohron loops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Juxtamedullary nephrons

A

Close to medulla very long nephron loop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Renal innervation

A

Reduce glomerular blood flow and urine production

Respond to calling blood pressure stimulates kidneys to produce renin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Glomerular filtrate

A

Fluid in capsular space similar to blood plasma except has no protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Tubular fluid

A

Fluid from proximal convoluted tubule her through the distal convoluted tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Urine

A

Fluid once it enters the collecting duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Glomerular filtration

A

Water and some solutes in the blood plasma pass through capillaries into the capsular space of the nephron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Three barriers of the filtration membrane

A

Fenestrated endothelium of capillary highly permeable

Basement membrane excludes large molecules

Filtration slits obstacle arms with slits which are obstacles to large anions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What substance is not present in glomerular filtrate

A

Similar to blood plasma except it has no proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Net filtration pressure

A

High outward pressure of 62 in word pressures of 18 and 32

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Glomerular filtration rate

A

Amount of filtrate formed per minute by two kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

GFR too high

A

Fluid flows through renal tubule’s to rapidly for them to reabsorb the normal amount of water and solutes urine increases dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

GFR to low

A

Fluid flow slowly through tubules reabsorb waste that should’ve been illuminated

26
Q

Renal autoregulation

A

Mechanism to change glomerular blood pressure

Ability of the nephrons to adjust to their own blood flow and a GFR without external control nervous or hormonal

27
Q

Myogenic mechanism

A

Tendency of smooth muscle to contract when stretched

BP rises stretches afferent arteriole

Arteriole constricts and prevents blood flow

28
Q

Tubuloglomerular feed

A

Adenosine cells constrict afferent arterial Reduces blood flow reduce his GFR completing negative feedback loop

29
Q

Muscula densa

A

Absorb na k and cl swell secrete ATP from their basal surfaces

30
Q

Mesangial cells

A

ATP is metabolized to adenosine and pack the spaces between the arterioles and within the glomerulus

31
Q

Granular cells

A

Respond to rising adenosine level by constructing the afferent arteriole reduces blood flow reduce GFR

32
Q

What stimulates the production of renin

A

Drop in blood pressure

33
Q

What blood plasma protein does renin act on

A

Angiotensin aldosterone

34
Q

What is this blood plasma protein converted to

A

Angiotensin II hormone that acts in several ways to restore fluid volume and blood pressure

35
Q

What enzyme produced by the lungs and kidneys acts on angiotensin II

A

Angiotensin converting enzyme

36
Q

Six actions of angiotensin II

A

Vasoconstrictor raises mean arterial blood pressure

Raises glomerular blood pressure and GFR ensuring filtration of waste from blood

Lower blood pressure more water is returned to the bloodstream instead of being lost in the urine

Stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete aldosterone sodium and water reabsorption

Pituitary gland to secrete antidiuretic hormone which promotes water reabsorption

Stimulates sense of thirst and encourages water intake

37
Q

Tubular reabsorption

A

Reclaiming water and solutes from the tubular fluid and returning them to the blood

38
Q

Why is sodium reabsorption in the PCT important

A

It creates an osmotic and electrical gradient that drives the reabsorption of water and other solutes

39
Q

Four primary substances that are reabsorbed in the PCT

A

Electrolytes glucose water nitrogenous waste

40
Q

Obligatory water reabsorption

A

In PCT when water is reabsorbed at a constant rate

41
Q

Transport maximum

A

Maximum rate of reabsorption reached when transporters are saturated

42
Q

Four primary substances absorbed in the nephron loop

A

Sodium potassium chloride water

43
Q

Two primary substances reabsorbed in the DCT and collecting duct

A

Water salts

44
Q

What is the function of principal cells

A

Salt and water balance

45
Q

Function of intercalated cells

A

Reabsorb K and secrete H into tubule and are mainly in acid-base balance

46
Q

Aldosterone

A

Water retention helps maintain blood volume and pressure

47
Q

Natriuretic peptides

A

Reduce blood volume and pressure

48
Q

Antidiuretic hormone

A

ADH makes collecting duct more permeable to water

49
Q

Parathyroid hormone

A

Helps minimize further decline in blood calcium levels

50
Q

Tubular secretion

A

Renal tubule extracts chemicals from capillary blood and secretes them into the tubular fluid

51
Q

Three purposes of tubular secretion

A

Acid-base balance by hydrogen and bicarbonate ions

Extracts waste from the blood

Clears drugs and containments from the blood

52
Q

Water diuresis

A

If you drink a large volume of water produce large volume of hypo tonic urine

53
Q

Response to dehydration in the collecting duct

A

Transfer aquaporins from storage vesicles in cytoplasm to apical cell surface cells take water from tubular fluid if ADH remains high for 24 hours manufacture more aquaPorins

54
Q

Countercurrent exchange system

A

The vasa recta from carrying the urea and salt needed to maintain high osmolarity of the medulla

55
Q

What does the collecting ducts ability to concentrate urine depend on

A

Osmotic gradient

56
Q

How does a nephron loop act as a counter current multiplier

A

Continually recapture salt and returns it to the deep medullary tissue

57
Q

Multiplier

A

Multiplies osmolarity deep in the medulla

58
Q

Countercurrent

A

Fluid flowing in opposite directions in two adjacent tubules

59
Q

Descending limbs

A

Very permeable to water but not sodium chloride water passes by osmosis into ECF leaving NaCl behind

60
Q

Ascending limbs

A

Impermeable to water pumps that transport sodium potassium and chloride into the ECF

61
Q

Four components of involuntary micturition reflex

A

Stretch receptors detect filling of bladder transmit afferent signals to spinal cord

Signals return to bladder from spinal cord via parasympathetic fibers in pelvic nerve

Efferent signals excite detrusor muscle

Efferent signals relax internal urethral Sphinter urinary is involuntarily voided if not inhibited by brain

Anatomy Ashley (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions