Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy Ashley > Chapter 19 > Flashcards

Chapter 19 Flashcards

1
Q

Pulmonary circuit

A

Right side receives blood that has circulated through the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Systemic circuit

A

Left side blood leaves it by way of another large artery aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Heart

A

With then mediastinum between two lungs more than half the heart is to the left of the bodies median plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pericardium

A

Isolates heart from other thoracic organs allows room to expand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Function of pericardial fluid

A

Lubricates the membranes and allows the heart to beat within minimal friction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Fibrous skeleton

A

Tissue concentrated in the walls between the heart chambers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Functions of fibrous skeleton

A

Provide structural support for the heart

Anchors the cardio sites and gives them something to pull against

Serves as electrical insulation between the arteria and the ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Heart valves

A

To pump blood affectively to ensure a one-way flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What closes the semi lunar valve’s

A

Changes in blood pressure that occur as a heart chambers contract and relax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pathway of blood through the heart

A

Enters the right atrium from the superior and inferior venae cavae

Blood entering right atrium is oxygen poor

Flows from the right atrium through the right AV

Into the right ventricle through the pulmonary valve and exit through the pulmonary trunk

Pulmonary trunk splits into pulmonary arteries they carry blood to lungs where CO2 is unloaded and 02 is loaded

Blood is return to heart by vena cava

Blood enters the left atrium oxygen is Rich

Through the left AV valve into left ventricle then through the aortic valve and exits through ascending aorta

Now blood is in systemic circulation 02 will be unloaded and CO2 will be loaded

After gas exchange blood will be returned to the right atrium by superior and inferior vena cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where does the coronary sinus empty into

A

Empties blood into the right atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Myocardial infarction

A

A heart attack caused by a fatty deposit or blood clot in a coronary artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Arterial anastomoses

A

Where two arteries come together and combined their blood flow to points farther down stream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Collateral circulation

A

The route points take that supply the heart tissue with blood if the primary route becomes obstructed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Autorhythmic

A

Doesn’t depend on nervous system for its rhythm heart has its own pace maker and electrical system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cardiocyte

A

Short thick branched cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where are calcium ions admitted from to activate muscle contractions

A

T tubules admit calcium ions from the extracellular fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is unique about the mitochondria

A

Large

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Intercalated discs

A

Cardiocytes joined end to end by thick connections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Electrical junction

A

Form channels that allow ions to flow from the cytoplasm of one cardiocyte directly into the next

21
Q

How is damaged cardiac muscle repaired

A

No satellite cells so repair is almost entirely by fibrosis

22
Q

Why is cardiac muscle so vulnerable to oxygen deficiency

A

Cardiac muscle depends almost exclusively on aerobic respiration to make ATP

23
Q

Is cardiac muscle prone to fatigue

A

No

24
Q

Sympathetic fibers innervate which part of the heart

A

SA and AV node

25
Q

Affects sympathetic innervation has on the heart

A

Control of contraction strength

Increases heart rate

26
Q

What cranial nerves do parasympathetic fibers travel to the heart

A

Vagus nerves in the medulla oblongata

27
Q

Parasympathetic fibers innervate which part of the heart

A

Synapse with postganglionic neuron’s in the epicardial surface and within the heart wall

28
Q

Main effect of parasympathetic innervation

A

Reduce heart rate

29
Q

Sequence of conduction

A

SA node pacemaker that initiates each heartbeat and determines the heart rate

Signals from the SA node spread throughout the atria

AV node acts as an electrical gateway to ventricles fiber skeleton acts as an insulator to prevent currents from getting to ventricles

AV bundle is pathway by which signals leave AV node

Purkinje fibers are nerve like and distribute the electrical excitation to cardiocytes of the ventricles

30
Q

Sinus rhythm

A

Normal heartbeat triggered by the SA node

31
Q

Pacemaker potential

A

Cells of the SA node slowly drift upward showing a gradual depolarization

32
Q

Cardiac muscle duration

A

Long duration for action potential contraction and absolute refractory period

33
Q

Skeletal muscle duration

A

Short action potential contraction absolute refractory period

34
Q

Pressure in the atria and ventricles during ventricular filling

A

Ventricles expand pressure drops below that of the atria AV valves open blood flows into ventricles causing ventricular pressure to rise and atrial to fall

35
Q

Pressure in the atria and ventricles during ejection

A

Ventricular pressure exceeds arterial pressure and forces semi lunar valves open

36
Q

Dicrotic notch

A

Ventricular diastole blood from the aorta and pulmonary trunk briefly flow through the semi lunar valve’s

Backflow quickly fills creating a slight pressure rebound that appears as the notch of the aortic pressure curve

37
Q

Stroke volume

A

Amount of blood each ventricle ejects about 70

38
Q

End diastolic volume

A

At the end of ventricular filling each ventricle contains an EDV of about 130 mL of blood

39
Q

End systolic volume

A

Blood remaining behind in ventricles

40
Q

Cardiac output

A

Amount of blood ejected by each ventricle

41
Q

Heart rate

A

Counting the number of pulses in 15 seconds multiply by four to get beats per minute

42
Q

Positive inotropic agents

A

Raises heart rate

43
Q

Negative inotropic Agents

A

Lowers heart rate

44
Q

Cardiac reserve

A

Difference between maximum and resting cardiac output

45
Q

Preload

A

Amount of tension in the ventricular myocardium immediately before it begins to contract

46
Q

Frank starling law of the heart

A

The more the ventricles are stretched The harder they contract on the next beat

47
Q

Contractility

A

How hard the myocardium contracts for a given preload cardio sites more responsive to stimulation

48
Q

How do positive negative inotropic agents affect contractility

A

Positive increases contractility negative decreases

49
Q

What is afterload

A

Sum of all forces a ventricle must overcome before it can Eject blood blood-pressure opposes the opening of these valves and thus limits stroke volume

Anatomy Ashley (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions