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micr finals review > Chapter 23+ 24 - Microbial Diseases > Flashcards

Chapter 23+ 24 - Microbial Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

*Dental Caries

pathogen

A

Streptococcus mutans

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2
Q

*Periodontal disease

pathogen

A

porphyromonas gingivalis

-proteases break down gingival tissue

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3
Q

Dental Caries

signs + symptoms

A

appear as holes or pits in the teeth

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4
Q

Periodontal disease

signs + symptoms

A

swollen, tender, bright red, or bleeding gums

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5
Q

Dental caries, Gingivitis, + Periodontal Disease

A
  • most adults have experienced dental caries

- diets high in sucrose increase the risk of decay

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6
Q

*Peptic Ulcer

pathogen

A

Helicobacter pylori

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7
Q

*Peptic Ulcer

virulence factors

A 
1 flagella (burrows thru stomach lining)
2 adhesins (attcmt to gastric cells)
3 urease (neutrlz stomach acid)
4 toxins (damage gastric mucosa)
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8
Q

*Peptic Ulcer

epidemiology

A
  • fecal-oral transmission

- stress may worsen ulcer sympt

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9
Q

Peptic Ulcer

D T P

A

D-xray to find ulcers; presence of H.pylori in clinical specimens

T-antimicrobials + drugs that inhibit stomach acid

P-avoidance of fecal-oral transm

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10
Q

Bacterial Gastroenteritis: campylobacter diarrhea

pathogen

A

campylobacter jejuni

*most common cause of diarrhea that send ppl to DR

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11
Q

Bacterial Gastroenteritis: campylobacter diarrhea

virulence factors

A

VF cause bleeding lesions + inflammation

-adhesin, cytotoxin, + endotoxin

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12
Q

Bacterial Gastroenteritis: antimicrobial associated diarrhea

pathogen

A

clostridium difficile

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13
Q

*Bacterial Gastroenteritis: antimicrobial associated diarrhea

epidemiology

A
  • clos. difficile is part of normal human intestinal microbiota that can caus life-threatening disease
  • any antimicrobial treatment can trigger infection
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14
Q

*Bacterial Gastroenteritis: antimicrobial associated diarrhea

virulence factors

A
  • produces 2 toxins (mediates inflammation + pseudomembrane formation)
  • multiple antibiotic resistance
  • endospore-forming
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15
Q

Bacterial Gastroenteritis: antimicrobial associated diarrhea

D T *P

A

D-presence of bacterial toxins in stool

T-treat w antimicrobials

*P-avoid unnecessary antimicrobials

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16
Q

*pseudomembranous colitis

A

lesions that occurs in severe cases of antimicrobial associated diarrhea (fr c.difficile)

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17
Q

*Bacterial Food Poisoning
aka 4 hr food poisoning

pathogen

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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18
Q

*Bacterial Food Poisoning
aka 4 hr food poisoning

signs + symptoms

A

nausea, vomit, diarrhea, cramp

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19
Q

*Bacterial Food Poisoning
aka 4 hr food poisoning

VF

A

5 enterotoxins

-released in food, no taste change

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20
Q

*Bacterial Food Poisoning
aka 4 hr food poisoning

epidemiology

A
  • outbreaks assoc. w social functions

- happens in 4 hrs from when toxin is ingested

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21
Q

Bacterial Food Poisoning
aka 4 hr food poisoning

D T P

A

D-signs+symp

T-fluid + electrolytes

P-proper hygiene

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22
Q

*Mumps

signs, sympt, + prevention

A

painful swelling of salivary glands (parotid glands)

-prevented w MMR

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23
Q

*Viral Gastroenteritis

pathogen

A

-rotavirus

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24
Q

Viral Gastroenteritis

signs + symptoms

A

nausea, vomit, diarrhea, cramp

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25
Q

Viral Gastroenteritis

epidemiology

A

occurs more in winter

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26
Q

Viral Gastroenteritis

D T P

A

D-serological test

T-fluid+electrolyte

P-vaccine

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27
Q

*Viral Hepatitis

pathogens

A

5 types

1 hep A virus  [HAV]
2 hep B virus [HBV]
3 hep C virus [HCV]
4 hep delta virus [HDV]
5 hep E virus [HEV]
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28
Q

*Viral Hepatitis

signs + sympt

A

jaundice, ab pain, fatigue, vomiting, appetite loss

  • symptoms may occur years after initial infection
  • host immune response causes much of liver damage
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29
Q

Viral Hepatitis

diagnosis

A

jaundice, enlarged liver, fluid in abdomen

-serological testing can ID viral antigens

30
Q

Viral Hepatitis

prevention

A

good hygiene, protected sex, + abstinence

31
Q

bacterial UTI

pathogen

A

enteric bacteria are most common cause

escherichia coli causes most

32
Q

bacterial UTI

signs + sympt

A
  • frequent painful urination

- urine may be cloudy w foul odor

33
Q

bacterial UTI

VF

A

flagella + attachment fimbriae

34
Q

bacterial UTI

epidemiology

A
  • self inoculate decal bacteria into urethra

- most common in 3-4 yr old females

35
Q

*Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome

pathogen

A

some strains of S.aureus

36
Q

*Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome

signs + sympt

A
  • sudden onset fever, chills, vomit, diarrhea, low BP, confusion, severe red rash
  • hypovolemic shock in untreated
37
Q

Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome

VF

A

toxins

38
Q

Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome

*epidemiology

A

-microbes grows at a site of body (tampons + IUD)

  • absorption of toxin into blood triggers toxic shock syndrome (systemic inflammation triggered by immune system)
  • most cases occur in menstruating females
39
Q

Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome

treatment + prevention

A

T-med emergency, removal of foreign material, antimicrobial drugs

P-avoid tampons or using less absorbent tampons

40
Q

Bacterial Vaginosis

pathogen

A

-white vaginal discharge w fishy odor

41
Q

Bacterial Vaginosis

signs + symptoms

A

various anaerobic bacteria

42
Q

Bacterial Vaginosis

epidemiology

A

various sexual partners + vaginal douching

43
Q

Bacterial Vaginosis

treatment

A

oral or vaginal metronidazole

44
Q

Yeast Infections

pathogens

A

candida albicans

-normal flora

45
Q

Yeast Infections

signs + sympt

A

severe itching + burning

46
Q

Yeast Infections

treatment

A

azole + fluconazole (diflucan)

47
Q

*Gonorrhea

pathogen

A

Neisseria gonorrheae

48
Q

Gonorrhea

signs + symptoms

A

men- painful urination, purulent discharge (drip)
—sterility if untreated

women- usually asymptomatic
—pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility

49
Q

Gonorrhea

VF

A

fimbriae, capsule, endotoxin

50
Q

*Gonorrhea

epidemiology

A

bacteria attach to epithelial cells of mucous membranes (uretha in M, cervix in W)

  • only occur in humans
  • risk inc. w unprotected sex
51
Q

Gonorrhea

D T P

A

D-genetic probe for asymp

T-broad-spect cephalosporin

P-safe sex

52
Q

Ophthalmia Neonatorum

A

conjunctivitis in newborns born fr post vaginal delivery fr mothers w gonorrhea

  • treated w 0.5% erythromycin
  • untreated can lead to blindness
53
Q

*syphilis

pathogen

A

treponema pallidum

-lives only in humans

54
Q

*syphilis

signs + symptoms

A

4 phases:

1 primary (chancre lesion)
2 secondary (generalized rash)
3 latent
4 tertiary (neurosyphilis)
55
Q

syphilis

epidemiology

A

worldwide

56
Q

syphilis

pathogenesis

A
  • transmitted via sexual contact
  • -sometimes mother to child during pregnancy
  • most do not develop tertiary syphilis
57
Q

*syphilis

diagnosis

A

primary, secondary, + congenital w antibody test

-tertiary is difficult to diagnose

58
Q

syphilis

treatment

A

penicillin G to treat all but tertiary

59
Q

*chlamydia

pathogen

A

chlamydia trachomatis

60
Q

*chlamydia

signs + sympt

A

W-usually asympt
M-painful urination, pus discharge fr penis

*lymphogranuloma venereum causes a genital lesion + bubo in groin

61
Q

*chlamydia

epidemiology

A
  • enters thru scrapes + cuts
  • infect mucous membr or conjunctival cells
  • various strains of chlamydia cause infection of lymph nodes, conjunctiva, + lungs
  • most common reportable bacterial std in the US
62
Q

chlamydia

*D T P

A

D-infection can mimic gonorrhea
-detect chlamydial DNA by PCR diagnostic

T-antimicrobial drugs

P-safe sex

63
Q

Genital Herpes

pathogen

A

human herpesvirus 2

64
Q

Genital Herpes

signs + sympt

A

small blisters on or around genitals or rectum

65
Q

Genital Herpes

pathogenesis

A
  • kills epithelial cells at infection site
  • blisters may form at sites far fr initial infections
  • babes can become infected at birth
66
Q

Genital Herpes

epidemiology

A

gen. herpes quadruples the risk of HIV infection

67
Q

Genital Herpes

D T

A

D- characteristic lesions

T-acyclovir

68
Q

Genital Warts aka Condylomata Acuminata

pathogen

A

human papillomavirus [HPV]

69
Q

Genital Warts aka Condylomata Acuminata

signs + sympt

A
  • warts on genitalia + surrounding areas

- large growths called condylomata acuminate may form

70
Q

Genital Warts aka Condylomata Acuminata

epidemiology

A
  • HPV invade skin or mucous membr during sex

- #1 cause of std in US

71
Q

Genital Warts aka Condylomata Acuminata

D T P

A

D-warts

T-wart removal

P-vaccine against HPV strain associated w cervical cancer

micr finals review (10 decks)

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