BACTERIA

Question 1

Bacillus anthracis

Answer 1

• causes cutaneous anthrax + inhalational anthrax

- makes endospores

Question 2

Bordetella pertussis

Answer 2

whooping cough

-tdap

Question 3

Borrelia burgdorferi

Answer 3

• causes lyme disease
• spirochete

VF-use of manganese instead of iron circumvents host defense
–avoids detection by altering membrane proteins

Question 4

Campylobacter jejuni

Answer 4

cause bacterial gastroenteritis: CAMPYLOBACTER DIARRHEA

• most common cause of diarrhea that sends ppl to dr in US
• associated w poultry

Question 5

Chlamydia trachomatis

Answer 5

various strains cause infection of lymph nodes, conjunctiva, + lungs
-most common reportable bacterial std in US

-developmental cycle (biphasic)

Question 6

Clostridium botulinum

Answer 6

causes botulism (flaccid paralysis)
-different strains produce 1 of 7 toxins

Question 7

Clostridium difficile

Answer 7

cause antimicrobial-associated diarrhea

• antimicrobial use facilitates germination of endospores + overgrowth of C. difficile
• member of human intestinal microbiota that can cause life-threatening disease

Question 8

Clostridium perfringens

Answer 8

• causes gas gangrene
• makes endospores
• secretes 11 toxins

Question 9

Clostridium tetani

Answer 9

causes tetanus

-makes endospores that releases tetanospasmin

Question 10

Corynebacterium diphtheria

Answer 10

causes diptheria

-produces diptheria toxin

Question 11

Escherichia Coli

Answer 11

-causes most cases bacterial UTI

VF-flagella + attachment fimbriae

Question 12

Haemophilus influenza

Answer 12

-top 3 cause of bacterial meningitis

G-
pleomorphic rods

Question 13

Helicobacter pylori

Answer 13

cause peptic ulcers

-numerous virulence factors

Question 14

Listeria monocytogenes

Answer 14

-causes bacterial meningitis

G+
rod-shaped
food-borne(contaminated food)

Question 15

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer 15

causes TB

• presence of mycolic acid gives unique features
• remains viable for long time in aerosol drops

Question 16

Neisseria gonorrhea

Answer 16

• gonorrhea only occurs in humans
• opthalma neonatorum in newborns born vaginally fr mothers infected w gonorrhea

attach to epithelial cells
-urethra in M, cervix in w

treated w cephalosporins

Question 17

Neisseria meningitidis

Answer 17

meningitis

• epidemic meningitis in college freshman
• top 3 cause of bacterial meningitis

G-
diplococci
capsule
fimbriae

Question 18

Plasmodium falciparum

Answer 18

• causes most severe malaria
• endemic throughout tropics + subtropics
• prevention requires control of mosquitos

Question 19

Propionibacterium acnes

Answer 19

-causes acne

G+
rod shaped diptheroids
-normal flora on skin

Question 20

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Answer 20

• causes pseudomonas infection
• found in soil, decaying matter, moist environments
• rarely part of the microbiota
• difficult to treat bc multidrug resistance
• widespread but infections usually don’t occur in healthy individuals

Question 21

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer 21

1 causes most Impetigo [Pyoderma] + Erysipelas
2 causes bacterial food poisoning
3 staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome

Question 22

Staphylococcus epidermidis

Answer 22

100% found on human skin

Question 23

Streptococcus agalactiae

Answer 23

• leading cause of meningitis in newborns
• acquired during birth

(GBS – Group B Strep)
G+
cocci

Question 24

Streptococcus mutans

Answer 24

cause dental caries

-dextran + pili allow biofilm formation on tooth

Question 25

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer 25

1 meningitis (in v young + old, top 3 cause)
2 sinusitis + otitis media
3 pneumococcal pneumonia

-present in throat of 75% of humans

G+
diplococci

Question 26

Streptococcus pyogenes

[Group A Strep]

Answer 26

causes some of Impetigo [Pyoderma] + Erysipelas, streptococcal pharyngitis [strep throat]

G+
coccus in chains

Question 27

Treponema pallidum

Answer 27

syphilis

• lives only in humans
• sometimes transmitted mother to child during pregnancy
• tertiary syphilis is difficult to diagnose

Question 28

Trichomonas vaginalis

Answer 28

cause trichomoniasis

• most common curable std in women
• prevented by avoiding sex w infected person

Question 29

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

virulence factors

Answer 29

• adhesins
• toxins
• polysaccharide capsules

Question 30

Staph. aureus

virulence factors

Answer 30

1 M protein
2 hyaluronic acid
3 pyrogenic toxin

5 enterotoxins (in bact. food. poisoning, released in food, no taste change)

Question 31

Streptococcus pyogenes

virulence factors

Answer 31

1 M protein
2 hyaluronic acid capsule 
3 pyrogenic toxin
4 C5a peptidase
5 streptolysins
6 pyrogenic toxins
7 streptokinases

Question 32

Viridians streptococci

Answer 32

causes half of endocarditis

-prevalent in tongue + teeth

Question 33

Plasmodium falciparum

virulence factors

Answer 33

adhesins - allows RBC to adhere to certain tissues

merozoites form w/in vesicles + avoid detection

reproductive cycle hides parasite

changes in body chem attract other mosquitos

Question 34

Helicobacter pylori

virulence factors

Answer 34

1 flagella (burrows thru stomach lining)
2 adhesins (attcmt to gastric cells)
3 urease (neutrlz stomach acid)
4 toxins (damage gastric mucosa)

Question 35

Campylobacter jejuni

virulence factors

Answer 35

VF cause bleeding lesions + inflammation

-adhesin, cytotoxin, + endotoxin

Question 36

Clostridium difficile

virulence factors

Answer 36

• produces 2 toxins (mediates inflammation + pseudomembrane formation)
• multiple antibiotic resistance

Question 37

Chlamydia trachomatis

developmental cycle

Answer 37

-biphasic

1 elementary bodies are the infective nonproductive form
2 reticulate bodies are the non-infective reproductive form

Question 38

vibrio cholera

Answer 38

releases cholera toxin which binds to epithelial cells of small intestines