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micr finals review > Chapter 19 - Microbial Disease of the Skin and Wounds > Flashcards

Chapter 19 - Microbial Disease of the Skin and Wounds Flashcards

1
Q

*Folliculitis

pathogen

A

Staphylococcus

  • gram pos bacteria
  • facultative anaerobes
  • cocci typically arranged in clusters
  • tolerant of salt + desiccation
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2
Q

*Folliculitis

signs + symptoms

A
  • infection of the hair follicle
  • aka pimple
  • called a STY when it occurs at the eyelid base
  • spread of infection into surrounding tissues can produce furuncles
  • carbuncles occur when multiple furuncles grow together
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3
Q

*2 common types of Staphylococcus found on skin

A

1 Staphylococcus EPIDERMIS
2 Staphylococcus AUREUS

*-differ by beta-lactamase production + toxin production

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4
Q

which is more pathogenic? staph. epidermis or staph aureus?

A

Staphylococcus aureus is more pathogenic

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5
Q

*Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome [SSSS]

pathogen

A

some Staph.AUREUS strains

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6
Q
  • [SSSS]

* epidemiology + transmission

A
  • -disease occurs PRIMARILY IN INFANTS

- transmits by person-to-person spread of bacteria

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7
Q

[SSSS]

pathogenesis

A
  • no scarring bc dermis is unaffected

- death is rare but may occur due to secondary infections

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8
Q
  • [SSSS]

* diagnosis + treatment

A

*D-characteristic sloughing of skin

T-administer antimicrobial drugs

P-widespread presence of S. aureus makes prevention difficult

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9
Q

*Impetigo/Pyoderma + Erysipelas

pathogen

A
  • most caused by Staph. aureus

- some caused by Streptococcus pyogenes

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10
Q

*Impetigo/Pyoderma + Erysipelas

transmission + *epidemiology

A

-transmitted person-to-person contact or via fomites

  • -Impetigo [mostly children]
  • -Erysipelas [mostly elderly]
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11
Q

Impetigo/Pyoderma + Erysipelas

pathogenesis

A
  • most caused by S. AUREUS

- some caused by Streptococcus pyogenes

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12
Q

Impetigo/Pyoderma + Erysipelas

virulence factors

A

Strep.pyogenes + Staph.aureus have similar virulence factors:

  • -M protein
  • -hyaluronic acid
  • -pyogenic toxins
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13
Q

Necrotizing Fasciitis

pathogen

A

mostly caused by Strep. pyogenes

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14
Q

Necrotizing Fasciitis

*transmission

A
  • -Step. pyogenes enters thru breaks in skin

- person-to-person

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15
Q

*Necrotizing Fasciitis

virulence factors

A
  • -Exotoxin A + Streptolysin S are secreted

- various enzymes facilitate invasion of tissues (eating)

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16
Q

Necrotizing Fasciitis

diagnosis + treatment

A

D-early diagnosis is difficult bc symptoms are nonspecific

T-clindamycin + penicillin

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17
Q

*Acne

pathogen

A

commonly caused by Propionibacterium acnes

-grap pos, rod shaped diptheroids

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18
Q

Necrotizing Fasciitis

diagnosis + treatment

A

D-difficult to diagnose early bc symptoms are nonspecific

T-clindamycin + penicillin

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19
Q

*Pseudomonas Infection

pathogen

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

-found in soil, decaying matter, moist environments

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20
Q

*Pyocyanin

A
  • -discoloration seen w pseudomonas infection
  • -greenish pigment indicates massive infection
  • indicator for diagnosis
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21
Q

*Pseudomonas Infection

pathogenesis

A
  • infections can occur in BURN VICTIMS
  • -grows under surface of burn
  • p.aeruginosa kills cells, destroys tissue, + triggers shock
  • typically do not occur in healthy individualts
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22
Q
  • Pseudomonas Infection

* diagnosis + *treatment

A
  • D-pyocyanin discoloration

* T-difficult to treat due to multidrug resistance of P.aeruginosa

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23
Q

Cutaneous Anthrax

treatment + prevention

A

T- antimicrobial drugs

P-control of disease in animals

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24
Q

*Gas Gangrene

pathogen

A

several Clostridium species

-C.perfringens [bacterial endospore]

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25
Gas Gangrene epidemiology/pathogenesis
- traumatic even must introduce endospores into dead tissue | - mortality rate exceeds 40%
26
*Gas Gangrene virulence factors
C.perfringens secrete 11 toxins | forms endospores
27
Gas Gangrene diagnosis + treatment + prevention
D-appearance:bubbling + blackening of infected skin T-rapid treatment is crucial - surgical removal of dead tissue - administer ANTITOXIN + penicillin P- proper cleaning of wounds
28
Poxvirus pathogen
orthopoxvirus (variola virus) -smallpox/variola
29
Poxvirus signs + symptoms
- disease progress thru series of stages | - PUS FILLED SKIN LESIONS
30
Poxvirus epidemiology/pathogenesis
increase in monkeypox (rare) cases over the past decade spread by inhalation
31
Herpes pathogen
herpesviruses 1 + 2
32
Herpes signs + symptoms
- slow + spreading skin lesions | - recurrence of lesions is common
33
Herpes epidemiology/transmission
- spread bw mucous membranes of mouth + genitals | - herpes infections in adult are not life threatening
34
Herpes | pathogenesis
- painful lesions caused by inflammation + death cell | - causes fusions of cells to form SYNCYTIA
35
*Herpes diagnosis + *treatment
D- presence of characteristic lesions -IMMUNOASSAY reveals presence of viral antigen * T-chemotherapeutic drugs help control the disease but do not cure it - ACYCLOVIR
36
*Chickenpox+Shingles pathogen
VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS [VZV] causes both
37
Chickenpox+Shingles signs + symptoms
[chickenp]characterized by lesions on back + trunk that spreads across the body [shingles]lesions localized to skin along w infected nerve
38
Chickenpox+Shingles epidemiology/population
[chknpx]mostly infants/young kids. more severe in adults | [shingles]risk increases w age
39
Chickenpox+Shingles pathogenesis
- infected dermal cells cause rash characteristics of chickenpox - virus becomes latent in nerve ganglia - --reactivation causes shingles
40
Chickenpox+Shingles diagnosis + treatment
D-based on characteristic lesions T-vaccines available against both -treatment is for relief of symptoms
41
Warts pathogen
Papillomaviruses
42
Warts signs + symptoms
-benign epithelial growth on skin or mucous membranes
43
Warts transmission/pathogenesis
- most are harmless | - transmitted via direct contact + fomites
44
Warts diagnosis + treatment
D-observation T-various techniques although new warts can develop bc latent viruses
45
*Rubella (german measles) pathogen
rubella virus
46
Rubella (german measles) signs + symptoms
-children develop mild rash
47
Rubella (german measles) epidemiology/population
-mostly infants/young kids; | only humans
48
Rubella (german measles) transmission/pathogenesis
-spread via respiratory secretions
49
congenital infection of rubella can result in...
- teratogenic birth defects; or | - death of fetus
50
*Rubella (german measles) diagnosis + *treatment
D-rash or serological testing *T-vaccines aimed for preventing rubella in pregnant women
51
Measles [Rubeola] pathogen
measles virus
52
*Measles [Rubeola] signs + symptoms
KOPLIK'S SPOTS
53
Measles [Rubeola] epidemiology + transmission
- occurs mostly in infants/young kids; humans only - measles is highly contagious - spread via respiratory droplets
54
Measles [Rubeola] pathogenesis
-immune response to infected cells causes most symptoms
55
Measles [Rubeola] virulence factors
adhesion + fusion proteins help virus avoid immune recognition
56
*Measles [Rubeola] diagnosis + treatment + prevention
D-based on signs of measles T-not available * P-MMR vaccine has measles immunization - very rare due to vaccination
57
Mycoses Class by infection locations
1 SUPERFICIAL 2 SUBCUTANEOUS 3 SYSTEMIC
58
Superficial Mycoses signs + symptoms
- RINGWORM, dermatophytes (fungal agent) growing in upper dead tissue layers of skin * -NOT a parasitic worm - white or black PIEDRA - Pityriasis versicolor
59
Superficial Mycoses pathogenesis + epidemiology
- superficial fungi produce KERATINASE | - fungi transmitted via shared hair brushes/combs
60
Superficial Mycoses diagnosis + treatment
piedra: diagnosed by appears; treated by shaving hair pityriasis: ID by green color under UV light; treated w topical or oral drugs
61
Superficial Mycoses diagnosis + treatment
piedra: diagnosed by appears; treated by shaving hair pityriasis: ID by green color under UV light; treated w topical or oral drugs
62
Normal Flora - YEAST
(fungi) | Malassezia
63
Normal Flora - Bacteria
Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Diptheroids
64
Normal Flora
- normally harmless - CANNOT be completely removed thru cleansing - may produce disease if they penetrate the epidermis or if the immune system is suppressed
65
Sty
folliculitis at the eyelid base
66
furuncles
- boils | - occurs when the infection spreads into surrounding tissues
67
carbuncles
when multiple furuncles grow together
68
folliculitis and its variations
pimple=folliculitis>furuncles>carbuncles
69
folliculitis is most commonly caused by...
staphylococcus
70
folliculitis is most commonly caused by...
staphylococcus
71
what causes the skin to slough off in SSSS?
the release of EXFOLIATIVE TOXINS by staph. aureus
72
*Normal Flora - Yeast
(fungi) | Malassezia
73
*folliculitis and its variations
pimple=folliculitis>furuncles>carbuncles
74
*folliculitis is most commonly caused by...
staphylococcus
75
*what causes the skin to slough off in SSSS?
the release of EXFOLIATIVE TOXINS by staph. aureus
76
Impetigo/Pyoderma + Erysipelas Diagnosis Treatment
D-impetigo has presence of vesicles --erysipelas has swollen redness T-penicillin + cleaning of infected areas
77
*Acne epidemiology
-normal flora on skin -typically begins in adolescence, can occur later in life
78
*Acne D + T
D-visual exam T-antimicrobial drugs, drugs that exfoliate, - -ACCUTANE for severe acne - -blue light to kill bacteria
79
Cutaneous Anthrax pathogen
bacillus anthracis
80
*Cutaneous Anthrax epidemiology
-endospores get into skin via cut or scrape
81
*Cutaneous Anthrax diagnosis
ESCHAR - black painless ulcer
82
Cutaneous Anthrax prevention
control of disease in animals

micr finals review (10 decks)

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