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History Patterns - Unit 1 > Chapter 2.3 & 2.4 > Flashcards

Chapter 2.3 & 2.4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Who were the ancestors of the Jews?

A

The HEBREWS

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2
Q

To the Hebrews, the laws of God are contained in the _______

This contained God’s __________

A

The Torah - laws of God

God’s covenant

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3
Q

Who were the early Hebrews and where did they live?

What was their status?

A

Israelites in Egypt

Slaves in Egypt

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4
Q

How did the Israelites leave Egypt?

What guided the Israelites?

A

MOSES led the Israelites in an EXODUS out of Egypt

Moses received THE 10 COMMANDMENTS

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5
Q

Where did the Israelites go?

What was this place called then?

What is the place called now?

A

Promised Land

Israelites in desert

Canaan

Wondered in desert

for 40 years

Canaan = Israel

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6
Q

Describe the Kingdom of Israel:

What were communities like?

What was government like?

Who enforced laws?

What were the Israelites focused on?

A

Scattered communities

No central government

Judges enforce laws

Prophets keep Israelites focused on faith

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7
Q

Name the 3 Kings. Describe how was each king

A

Saul, first Israelite king - Never won full support

David, second king - Strong king (David & Goliath)

Solomon, David’s son - Israel reached height of wealth

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8
Q

What happened after the last king of Israel?

What kingdom rose?

What happened to the kingdoms?

What happened to the Jews?

A

Conflict after Solomon’s death

Two kingdoms, Israel and Judah

722 BC, Israel fell to Assyrians

586 BC, Judah fell to Chaldeans

Chaldeans enslaved Jews

Diaspora = scattering of Jews

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9
Q

What was the foundation of Hebrew and Jewish societies?

A

RELIGION - The Teachings of Judaism

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10
Q

Describe Judaism:

What was the belief?

What values?

A

Belief in One God - Monotheism

Justice and Righteousness - Kindness, fairness, code of ethics

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11
Q

Describe Judaism:

What law should be obeyed?

What was the sacred text?

A

Obedience to the Law - Ten Commandments

Jewish Sacred Text - Torah

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12
Q

What was the greatest empire in the ancient world?

A

The Persian Empire

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13
Q

Who conquered the Persians?

Did the Persians change after conquest?

A

Medes conquered Persians

Persians allowed to keep their own leaders as long as they did not rebel

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14
Q

The high point of Persian culture was ruled by __________

A

Darius I

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15
Q

How did Darius I keep his rule?

What did Darius create to govern?

A

Strengthened army, empire

Created satraps to help govern

SATRAPS - local ruler or governor

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16
Q

Who defeated the Medes and when?

A

Cyrus the Great

Defeated Medes in 559 BC

17
Q

What did Cyrus do?

Was he respected?

A

Expanded Persian Empire

Freed Jews in Babylon

Respected by those he conquered

18
Q

What happened to Persia after Darius?

A

Persia in Decline

Darius’ Son, Xerxes, failed to conquer Greece

19
Q

During the reigns of ________ and ________, a new religion called ___________ took hold

A

During the reigns of Cyrus and Darius, a new religion called Zoroastrianism took hold, based on the teachings of Zoroaster.

20
Q

What were the teachings of Zoroastrianism

A

Ahura Mazda, source of good

Ahriman, evil spirit

Dualism = good and evil

Free will

The Avesta (Holy book)

End of time

21
Q

Who believed in Zoroastrianism?

What happened to Zoroastrianism as a religion?

A

Spread Much of Persian Empire

Darius worshipped Ahura Mazda

Other religions discouraged

The Greeks converted the Persians

Zoroastrianism never completely disappeared

22
Q

What was the Persian achievements in terms of CULTURE?

How was Persian empire peaceful?

A

Blended Culture

Cyrus and Darius encouraged cultural unity

Shared culture led to peace

People worked together to improve empire

23
Q

What was Persian achievement in terms of Communication?

A

Network of high quality roads

Royal Road = world’s first long highway

Horseback messengers in shifts

24
Q

What was Persian achievement in terms of art & architecture?

A

Animals a common subject

Persepolis, monument to Persia’s glory

Greatest example of Persian architecture

History Patterns - Unit 1 (10 decks)

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