Chapter 23 Flashcards
Upper respiratory tract consists of
Noise, naval cavity, pharynx, and associated structures
What organs make up the respiratory system? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Nose Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Lungs
The lower respiratory tract consists of
Larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs
The zone that consists of the nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and terminal bronchioles. Filters , warms, and moistens air and conducts it into the lungs.
Conducting zone
Zone that consists of the tubes and tissues within the lungs where gas exchange occurs. They include the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli. They are the main sits of gas exchange between air and blood.
Respiratory zone
On the undersurface of the external nose are to openings called the
External nares….or nostrils.
The portion of the nose visible on the face and consists of a supporting framework of bone and hyaline cartilage covered with muscle and skin and lined by a mucous membrane.
External nose
The bony framework of the external nose is composed of the
Frontal bone, nasal bones, and maxillae.
- Warming, moistening, and filtering incoming air.
- Detecting olfactory stimuli, and 3. modifying speech vibrations as they pass through the large, hollow resonating chambers are functions of
The interior structures of the external nose
Large space in the anterior aspect of the skull that lies inferior to the nasal bone and superior to the oral cavity. It’s lined with muscle and mucous membrane. It anterior lay merges with the external nose, and posteriorly it communicates with the pharynx through two openings called ____________
Nasal cavity, internal nares- or choanae.
A vertical partition, the ______ ______, divides the nasal cavity into right and left sides
Nasal septum
Three shelves formed by projections of the superior, middle, and inferior ______ ______ extend out of each lateral wall of the nasal cavity. they subdivide each side of the nasal cavity into a series of groove like passageways– superior, middl, inferior meatuses. Increase surface area of nose.
Nasal conchae- turbinates
The olfactory receptors, supporting cells, and basal cells lie in the respiratory region, which is near the superior nasal conchae and adjacent septum, these cells make up the
Olfactory epithelium. Has cilia, but no goblet cells.
The throat. Funnel-shaped tube abt. 13 cm long. Has 3 important parts. Functions as passageway for food and air, provides a resonating chamber for speech sounds, and houses the tonsils, which participate in immunological reactions against foreign invaders.
Pharynx.
Superior portion of pharynx. Posterior to nasal cavity and extends to the soft palate. Pallet forms posterior portion of roof of mouth. Contains pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids), openings of the Eustachian tubes (auditory tubes).
Nasopharynx
From palate to hyoid bone. Has both respiratory and digestive functions. Either swallow food or breath in airs. Contains main palatine tonsils and lingual tonsils. Horses have separate digestive and respiratory functions.
Oropharynx
Opens into the larynx (voice box) and the esophagus
Laryngopharynx
Voice box. Short passageway that connects the laryngopharynx with the trachea.
Larynx
Consists of two fused plates of hyaline cartilage that form the anterior wall of the larynx and give it a triangular shape. Present in males and females. Yet usually larger in males due to influence of male sex hormones on growth in puberty.
Thyroid cartilage– Adam’s apple
Ligament that connects the thyroid cartilage to the hyoid bone is called
Thyrohyoid membrane
Elastic flap at root of tongue. It guards the entrance to the glottis. Opening of larynx between the vocal folds
Epiglottis
The vocal folds are situated high in the _______.
Larynx
Laryngopharynx/larynx border divides the ________ _______ and the _______ _______.
Upper respiratory tract and the lower respiratory tract
A semi-rigid pipe made of semi-circular cartilaginous rings, and located anterior to the esophagus. Comes after the larynx. It’s the windpipe!
Trachea
Right and left. They emerge from the inferior trachea to go to lungs.
Primary bronchi
The ridged junction between the two bronchi
Carina
Trachea>left/right primary bronchi>left/right secondary bronchi> left/right tertiary bronchi > left/right bronchioles > left/right terminal bronchioles .
..
____[[[ can divide into another 22 generations. The last ones are terminal. They are conducting airways
Bronchioles
From the bronchioles into _______ ________. The. Conduct air into __________ _________. Form Grape clusters
Alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs. Little pockets that form grapes.
Lungs receive blood via two sets of arteries
Pulmonary and bronchial
Brings deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation.
Pulmonary arteries
Branch from the aorta. Bring Oxygenated blood to muscle in walls of bronchi and bronchioles. These arteries are to the lungs as pulmonary arteries are to the heart.
Bronchial arteries
Only Arteries in the body that carry deoxygenated blood.
Pulmonary arteries
The matching of blood flow through lungs to the ventilation of alveoli. Vasoconstriction of pulmonary vessels during hypoxia diverts blood from poorly ventilated areas of lungs to well ventilated areas.
Ventilation-perfusion coupling
The right lung is divided by oblique and horizontal fissure into ___ lobes
3
Left lung is divided is divided by the oblique fissure into __ lobes
2
