Chapter 18

Question 0

Paracrine hormones

Answer 0

Local Hormones that act on neighboring cells.

Question 1

Autocrine hormones

Answer 1

Secreted by and bind to the same cell.

Question 2

The adrenal cortex is composed of modified sympathetic ganglia which secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine while the adrenal medulla is subdivided into zones each of which secretes a different group of hormones. True or false

Answer 2

False! Other way around

Question 3

Secretes steroid hormones. It’s subdivided into three parts. One secretes aldosterone, one cortisol, and one androgens.

Answer 3

Adrenal cortex

Question 4

Major mineralocorticoid. Regulates homeostasis of two mineral ions– Na+ and K+. It helps adjust blood pressure and blood volume.

Answer 4

Aldosterone

Question 5

Steroid hormones that have masculinizing effects. Sex drive for women- kinda like Viagra for men. Facial hair and muscle mass for men.

Answer 5

Androgens

Question 6

Regulate metabolism and resistance to stress. It’s a glucocorticoid!

Answer 6

Cortisol

Question 7

Modified sympathetic ganglion of the ANS.

Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine from chromaffin cells.

Answer 7

Adrenal medulla

Question 8

Which zone in adrenal cortex produces mineralocorticoids?

Answer 8

Zona glomerulosa

Question 9

Produced in zona fasciculata, influence protein and fat metabolism, and promote vasoconstriction.

Answer 9

Glucocorticoids

Question 10

Chemical that acts as neurotransmitter in some locations and hormone In others?

Answer 10

Norepinephrine

Question 11

Treat chronic inflammation like rheumatism?

Answer 11

Glucocorticoids

Question 12

Stimulates the release of cortisol

Answer 12

ACTH- adrenocorticotropin hormone

Question 13

Endocrine and exocrine gland posterior/inferior to stomach

Answer 13

Pancreas

Question 14

Cluster of endocrine tissue surrounded by acini

Answer 14

Pancreatic islet

Question 15

Digestive exocrine tissue

Answer 15

Acini

Question 16

Hormone secreting cells in pancreatic islet that secrete glucagon

Answer 16

Alpha cells

Question 17

Pancreatic islet cell that secretes insulin

Answer 17

Beta cell

Question 18

Increases blood glucose

Answer 18

Glucagon

Question 19

Anabolic (building) hormone that promotes storage of nutrients in body tissues.

Answer 19

Insulin

Question 20

Counter- regulatory hormones

Answer 20

Glucagon and insulin

Question 21

Pancreatic cells that secrete somatostatin

Answer 21

Delta cells

Question 22

Pancreatic cells that secrete pancreatic polypeptide

Answer 22

F cells

Question 23

Small endocrine gland. Part of epithalamus.

Secretes melatonin.

Answer 23

Pineal gland

Question 24

Maintains seasonal and daily cycles. More is secreted in darkness-> promotes sleepiness.

Answer 24

Melatonin

Question 25

Part of lymphatic and endocrine systems. Secretes thymosin and other hormones. Has a role in immunity.

Answer 25

Thymus

Question 26

Promote the maturation of T cells, which are part of immune response.

Answer 26

Thymosin

Question 27

Stress response that occurs in three stages: 1)alarm reaction (2) resistance reaction (3) exhaustion

Answer 27

General adaptation syndrome (GAS)

Question 28

First reaction of GAS that's immediate and brief . SNS activation Stimulation of adrenal medulla

Answer 28

Alarm reaction

Question 29

2nd reaction of GAS that has long term coping with stress. | A. Increased metabolic rate due to cortisol, hGH, and Thyroxine.

Answer 29

Resistance reaction

Question 30

3rd reaction of GAS that is due to prolonged stress. A. Depletion of body's resources B. Immune system compromised- increased susceptibility to infection.

Answer 30

Exhaustion

Question 31

If the thyroid was cut out of a mouse, T3 and T4 levels would

Answer 31

Decrease

Question 32

2 substances necessary for the synthesis of thyroxine and triiodothyronine

Answer 32

Iodine and tyrosine

Question 33

Thyroid hormones ______ metabolic rate

Answer 33

Increase

Question 34

Contains hypothalamic neurosecretory cells and stores and releases hormones

Answer 34

Posterior pituitary

Question 35

Produces and releases hormones

Answer 35

Anterior pituitary

Question 36

Control the release and suppression of hormones from the anterior pituitary.

Answer 36

Hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones

Question 37

Requires a releasing hormone from the hypothalamus for its secretion

Answer 37

Prolactin

Question 38

Target cells for hypothalamic releasing hormones are in the

Answer 38

Anterior pituitary

Question 39

Tropic hormones are secreted by the

Answer 39

Anterior pituitary

Question 40

Stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids

Answer 40

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Question 41

Stimulates protein synthesis and inhibits protein breakdown

Answer 41

Human growth hormone

Question 42

Major integrating link between nervous and endocrine systems

Answer 42

Hypothalamus

Question 43

Most abundant anterior pituitary hormone

Answer 43

Human growth hormone

Question 44

Abnormally high levels of this leads to hyperglycemia

Answer 44

Human growth hormone

Question 45

Posterior pituitary gland stores and secretes

Answer 45

Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone

Question 46

Low secretion of ADH leads to

Answer 46

Diabetes insipidis

Question 47

3 types of signals that control hormone secretion are

Answer 47

Nervous system signals, chemical changes in the blood, and other hormones

Question 48

A "second messenger" for hormone response is

Answer 48

"Cyclic" cAMP

Question 49

Steroid hormones

Answer 49

Are Lipid soluble, can act on DNA level, and work through intracellular receptors

Question 50

Upon entering the blood, steroid and thyroid hormones

Answer 50

Attach to specific transport proteins.

Question 51

Most are steroid hormones. They bind to receptors in the cytoplasm or nucleus of cell.

Answer 51

Lipid soluble hormones

Question 52

Bind to receptors on the surface of the cell. Easy to transport in watery blood plasma. Made of proteins and amino acids Peptide and protein hormones are amino acid polymers

Answer 52

Water soluble hormones

Question 53

Hyper secretion of cortisol by the adrenal cortex. Rounded moon face Buffalo hump on back

Answer 53

Cushing's syndrome

Question 54

Too little glucocorticoids and aldosterone. | Muscle weakness, lethargy, hypoglycemia.

Answer 54

Addison's disease