chapter 23-1: respiratory system

Question 1

the _____ lung and 3 lobes, 2 fissures, and is larger. the _____ lung has 2 lobes, 1 fissure, and is smaller

Answer 1

right; left

Question 2

what is found in the hilum?

Answer 2

nerves, blood vessels, and lymph vessels

Question 3

there are __ segments of the right lobe: __ in the superior lobe, __ in the middle lobe, and __ in the inferior lobe

Answer 3

10; 3; 2; 5

Question 4

there are __ segments of the left lobe: __ in the superior lobe and __ in the inferior lobe

Answer 4

8; 4; 4

Question 5

the ________ is the airway between the ___________ and ________

Answer 5

larynx; laryngopharynx; trachea

Question 6

what are the functions of the larynx?

Answer 6

produces sound (vocal folds), passageway for air, prevents ingested materials from entering respiratory tract (epiglottis), assists in increasing pressure in the abdominal cavity

Question 7

What are the 3 unpaired cartilages of the larynx?

Answer 7

thyroid, cricoid, epiglottis

Question 8

the 3 paired cartilages of the larynx are:

Answer 8

Arytenoids, Cuneiforms, Corniculate

Question 9

vocal ________ attach from arytenoid to thyroid cartilage and form the core of vocal ______

Answer 9

ligaments; folds

Question 10

how do vocal folds produce sound?

Answer 10

they vibrate as air rushed up from the lungs

Question 11

what are the steps of quiet inspiration?

Answer 11

1. diaphragm + external intercostals contract
2. pleural cavity volume increases = alveolar volume increases
3. intrapleural and intrapulmonary pressure decreases (759 mmHg)
4. air flows down pressure gradient into lungs until intrapulmonary pressure = atmospheric pressure (760 mmHg)

Question 12

what are the steps of quiet expiration?

Answer 12

1. diaphragm + external intercostals relax
2. pleural cavity volume decreases = alveolar volume decreases
3. intrapleural and intrapulmonary pressure increases (761 mmHg)
4. air flows down pressure gradient out of the lungs until intrapulmonary pressure = atmospheric pressure (760 mmHg)

Question 13

how are the characteristics of sound determined?

Answer 13

range: length and thickess of vocal folds (thicker and longer = lower range)
pitch: tautness of vocal folds (higher tension = higher pitch)
loudness: force of air (more air = more volume)