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BIOL 111 > chapter 19: the heart > Flashcards

chapter 19: the heart Flashcards

1
Q

how does blood flow through pulmonary circulation?

A

SVC, IVC, coronary sinus > RA > right AV valve > RV > pulmonary SL valve > pulmonary trunk > pulmonary arteries > pulmonary capillaries of lungs (gas exchange) > pulmonary veins > LA

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2
Q

how does blood flow through systemic circulation?

A

LA > left AV valve > LV> aortic SL valve > aorta > systemic arteries > systemic capillaries of tissues (blood is deoxygenated) > SVC, IVC, coronary sinus > RA

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3
Q

what happens in pulmonary circulation?

A

deoxygenated blood from right side of heart goes to lungs, picks up O2 and releases CO2 and returns to the left side of the heart oxygenated

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4
Q

what happens in systemic circulation?

A

oxygenated blood from left side of the heart goes to systemic cells, picks up CO2, nutrients, and wastes and releases O2. and returns to the right side of the heart deoxygenated

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5
Q

_______ circulation delivers blood to the myocardium

A

coronary

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6
Q

coronary _____ transport oxygenated blood to heart wall; coronary ______ transport deoxygenated blood away from heart wall to the RA

A

arteries; veins

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7
Q

what are the branches of the right coronary artery?

A

right marginal artery and posterior interventricular artery

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8
Q

what are the branches of the left coronary artery?

A

anterior interventricular artery and circumflex artery

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9
Q

what side are the middle and small cardiac veins on?

(coronary veins)

A

right side

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10
Q

what vein is on the left side of the heart?

(coronary veins)

A

great cardiac veins

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11
Q

the coronary ____ is inside the coronary sulcus and drains all coronary veins into the RA

A

sinus

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12
Q

where are skin electrodes placed for an ECG/EKG?

A

ankles, wrists, and 6 locations on the chest

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13
Q

the __ electrodes provide __ perspectives of heart activity

A

10; 12

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14
Q

which parts of an ECG reflect depolarization?

A

atrial: p wave
ventricular: qrs complex

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15
Q

which parts of an ECG reflect plateau?

A

atrial: p-q segment
ventricular: s-t segment

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16
Q

what parts of an ECG reflect repolarization?

A

atrial: not visible (obscured by qrs)
ventricular: t wave

17
Q

the _______________ represents the time to transmit an action potential through the conduction system (SA node to purkije fibers)

A

p-r interval

18
Q

what does the q-t interval represent?

A

it represents the duration of ventricular action potential (ventricular depolarization > plateau > repolarization)

19
Q

what are the 5 steps of the cardiac cycle?

A
  1. atrial relaxation and ventricular filling
  2. atrial contraction and ventricular filling
  3. isovolumic contraction
  4. ventricular ejection
  5. isocolumic relaxation
20
Q

what happens during atrial relaxation and ventricular filling?

A

atria and ventricles relax, passive filling of ventricles is underway, AV valves open, SL valves closed

21
Q

what happens during atrial contraction and ventricular filling?

A

atria contract, continuing filling of ventricles. atria relax after filling is complete

22
Q

what happens during isovolumic contraction?

A

ventricles contract, AV and SL valves are closed

23
Q

what happens during ventricular ejection?

A

ventricles contract, AV valves closed, SL valves open

24
Q

what happens during isovolumic relaxation?

A

ventricles relax, AV and SL valves are closed

25
Q

what variables influence cardiac output?

A

heart rate and stroke volume

26
Q

___________ chronotropic agents increase heart rate and _________ chronotropic agents decrease heart rate

A

positive; negative

27
Q

_________ inotropic agents increase stroke volume and ___________ inotropic agents decrease stroke volume

A

positive; negative

28
Q

venous return (volume of blood returning to heart) is ________ correlated with stroke volume

A

directly

29
Q

afterload (increased resistance in arteries) is _________ correlated with stroke volume

A

inversely

BIOL 111 (11 decks)

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