Chapter 22: The Ordeal of Reconstruction (1865-1877) Flashcards
1
Q
Freedmen’s Bureau
A
- focus was to provide food, medical care, administer justice, manage abandoned and confiscated property, regulate labor, and establish schools
- agency set up to aid former slaves in adjusting themselves to freedom
- furnished food and clothing to needy blacks and helped them get jobs
2
Q
10 % Reconstruction Plan
A
- A model for reinstatement of Southern states that decreed that a state could be reintegrated into the Union when 10 percent of the 1860 vote count from that state had taken an oath of allegiance to the U.S. and pledged to abide by emancipation.
- made by President Abraham Lincoln
3
Q
Wade-Davis Bill
A
- Program proposed for the Reconstruction of the South
- written by two Radical Republicans, Senator Benjamin Wade of Ohio and Representative Henry Winter Davis of Maryland
- In contrast to President Abraham Lincoln’s more lenient Ten Percent Plan, the bill made re-admittance to the Union for former Confederate states contingent on a majority in each Southern state to take the Ironclad oath to the effect they had never in the past supported the Confederacy.
4
Q
Black Codes
A
- Southern laws designed to restrict the rights of the newly freed black slaves
- Any code of law that defined and especially limited the rights of former slaves after the Civil War.
- Aimed to ensure a stable subservient labor force.
- Practically slavery without the name.
5
Q
Pacific Railroad Act
A
- Called for the building of the Transcontinental Railroad to stretch across America connecting California and the rest of America.
- Helped fund the construction of the Union Pacific transcontinental railroad with the use of land grants and government bonds.
- Passed in 1862
6
Q
Civil Rights Bill
A
- A federal law in the United States declaring that everyone born in the U.S. and not subject to any foreign power is a citizen, without regard to race, color, or previous condition of slavery or involuntary servitude.
- Conferred on blacks the privilege of American Citizenship and struck at the Black Codes.
- Vetoed by Johnson but Congress vetoed the veto.
- LBJ passed this in 1964.
- Prohibited discrimination of African Americans in employement, voting, or public accommodations.
- said there could be no discrimination against race, color, sex, religion, or national origin.
7
Q
14th Amendment
A
- An amendment to the U.S. Constitution defining national citizenship and forbidding the states to restrict the basic rights of citizens or other persons.
- ratified in 1868
- Declared that all American-born or naturalized people were citizens regardless of race.
- Reduced the voting power of states that denied blacks the right to vote.
- Disqualified former Confederates from holding office.
- Repudiated Confederate debt and ensured federal debt.
8
Q
Reconstruction Act
A
- Four statutes that were created for Reconstruction:
(1. ) Creation of five military districts in the seceded states not including Tennessee, which had ratified the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution and was readmitted to the Union.
(2. ) required congressional approval for new state constitutions (which were required for Confederate states to rejoin the Union)
(3. ) confederate states must give voting rights to all men, including former adult male slaves
(4. ) all former Confederate states must ratify the 14th Amendment and write state constitutions guaranteeing freedmen the franchise before gaining readmission to the Union. - Passed by the newly-elected Republican Congress
9
Q
15th Amendment
A
- An amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1870
- prohibiting the restriction of voting rights “on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.”
- Prohibited states from denying citizens the franchise on account of race.
- It disappointed feminists who wanted the Amendment to include guarantees for women’s suffrage.
10
Q
Ex Parte Milligan
A
- A United States Supreme Court case that ruled that the application of military tribunals to citizens when civilian courts are still operating is unconstitutional.
- was a United States Supreme Court case that ruled suspension of Habeas Corpus by President Abraham Lincoln as constitutional
- A Supreme Court ruling that proclaimed that military tribunals could not try civilians, even during wartime, in areas where civil courts were open.
11
Q
Redeemers
A
- A political coalition in the Southern United States during the Reconstruction era, who sought to oust the Republican coalition of freedmen, carpetbaggers and scalawags.
- They were the southern wing of the Bourbon Democrats, who were the conservative, pro-business wing of the Democratic Party.
- White southerners that took back control of the Southern states once the Union military left.
- The South became inevitably Democratic.
12
Q
Woman’s Loyal League
A
- an organization that called for a constitutional amendment to abolish slavery
- it was used to promote woman suffrage
- Women’s organization formed to help bring about an end to the Civil War and encourage Congress to pass a constitutional amendment to prohibiting slavery.
13
Q
Union League
A
- reconstruction-Era African American organization that worked to educate Southern blacks about civic life
- built black schools and churches
- represented African American interests before government and employers
- It also campaigned on behalf of Republican candidates and recruited local militias to protect blacks from white intimidation
- the black political organization that promoted self-help and defense of political rights
14
Q
Scalawags
A
- A native white Southerner who collaborated with the occupying forces during Reconstruction, often for personal gain.
- Southerners who were former Unionists and Whigs.
- Former Confederates accused them of plundering Southern treasuries.
- southern whites who supported republican policy through reconstruction
- Derogatory term for pro-Union Southerners whom Southern Democrats accused of plundering the resources of the South in collusion with Republican governments after the Civil War.
15
Q
Carpetbaggers
A
- A ortherner who went to the South after the Civil War and became active in Republican politics, especially so as to profiteer from the unsettled social and political conditions of the area during Reconstruction.
- Sleazy Northerners who packed all their worldly goods into a carpetbag at war’s end and came to the South to seek personal power and profit.
- Most were former Union soldiers and Northern businessmen who wanted to play a role in modernizing the South.
- northern whites who moved to the south and served as republican leaders during reconstruction
- northerners who went to the South after the Civil War to profit financially from the confused and unsettled conditions
