Chapter 14: Foraging the National Economy (1790-1869) Flashcards
1
Q
Self Reliance
A
- an essay written by Ralph Waldo Emerson
- emphasizing the importance of the individual
2
Q
Rendezvous
A
- a meeting planned at a certain time and place
- the principle marketplace of the Northwest Fur Trade
- peaked in the 1820s and 1830s
- each summer, traders set up camp in the Rocky Mountains to exchange manufactured goods for beaver pelts
3
Q
Ecological Imperialism
A
- an aggressive and often heedless exploitation of the West
- settlers often killed species to the point of extinction and farmed the lands dry
- it was a hard land to live on
- sometimes the only way to survive and make a profit
4
Q
Ancient Order of Hibernians
A
- an Irish Catholic Fraternal Organization that required members to be Catholic and either Irish born or of Irish descent
- purpose was to act as guards to protect Catholic Churches from antiCatholic forces in the 19th century
- to assist Irish Catholic immigrants, especially those who faced discrimination or harsh coal mining working conditions
5
Q
Molly Maguires
A
- members of a secret Irish organization that have been proven responsible for coalfield crimes and kidnapping in the US
- rests largely upon allegations of one powerful industrialist
6
Q
Tammany Hall
A
- founded in 1786 and incorporated on May 12, 1789 as the Tammany Society
- Democratic Party political machine that played a major role in controlling New York City politics and helping immigrants, most notably the Irish, rise up in American politics from the 1790s to the 1960s
7
Q
Know Nothing Party
A
- group of prejudice people who formed a political party during the time when the KKK grew
- AntiCatholics and anti foreign
- The American Party
- fed off of fear and sensational stories
- idea of a melting pot was under fire
8
Q
Awful Disclosures
A
- a book written by Maria Monk
- explained how she was pretending to be a nun and saw sin inside Catholicism
9
Q
Cotton Gin
A
- invented by Eli Whitney in 1793
- sped up the process of harvesting cotton
- made cultivation more profitable
- revitalized the Southern economy
- increased the importance of slavery
10
Q
Patent Office
A
- Federal Government bureau that reviews patent applications
- A legal recognition of a new invention, granting exclusive rights to the inventor for a period of years
- in the Department of Commerce that keeps a record of patents and trademarks and grants new ones
11
Q
Limited Liability
A
- the liability of a firm’s owners for no more than the capital they have invested in the firm
- A form of business ownership in which the owners are liable only up to the amount of their individual investments
12
Q
Turnpike
A
- privately built road that charges a fee to travelers who use it
13
Q
Commonwealth vs. Hunt
A
- a landmark ruling of the MA Supreme Court establishing the legality of labor unions and the legality of union workers striking if an employer hired non-union workers
- case heard by the MA Supreme Court
- case was the first judgement in the US that recognized that the conspiracy law is inapplicable to unions and that strikes for a closed shop are legal
- also decided that unions are not responsible for the legal acts of their members
14
Q
Cult of Domesticity
A
- idealized view of women and home
- selfless caregiver for children
- refuge for husbands
- the ideal woman was seen as a teacher, self sacrificing, caregiver who provided a nest for her children and a peaceful refuge for her husband
- social customs that restricted woman to caring for the house
15
Q
Mechanical Reaper
A
- 1837
- invented by Cyrus McCormick
- a device that cuts grain
- Farmers could double crop size and cut grain
- McCormick’s invention that vastly increased the productivity of the American grain farmers
16
Q
Erie Canal
A
- headed up by New York governor Dewitt Clinton
- built only using state money
- linked western rivers with the Atlantic Ocean
- shipping costs from West to East dropped 20x
- Stole trade from the Mississippi River
- more goods flowed over the Erie Canal/Hudson River to New York City than down the Ohio and MIssissippi to New Orleans
- “Western” cities boomed, like Cleveland, Detroit, and Chicago
17
Q
Clipper Ships
A
- hauled cargo to foreign nations, notably China
- long, sleek, very fast
- ruled the seas
- speed gave them much of the tea trade between the Far East and Britain
- replaced British steamships
18
Q
Pony Express
A
- established in 1860
- made to carry mail quickly from Missouri to Sacramento
- people would ride ponies to stations ten miles apart
- journey took 10 days
- enterprise died after 18 months
- boosted technology later leading to machinery
19
Q
Transportation Revolution
A
- improvements in roads, boats, canals, railroads
- roads enabled settlers and merchants to reach the west
- steamboats made commercial agricultural feasible in the west
- Erie Canal connected large cities to each other and made it easier to trade
- railroads connected burgeoning cities to rivers and canals
20
Q
Market Revolution
A
- a drastic change in the manual labor system originating in South but was moved to the North and later spread to the entire world
- traditional commerce became outdated with the transportation and industrial revolution
- the North started to have a more powerful economy that was starting to challenge the economies of some mid-sized European cities at the time
21
Q
Rugged Individualism
A
- the moral stance, political philosophy, ideology, or social outlook who promote the exercise of one’s goals and desires and so independence and self reliance
