Chapter 15: The Ferment Of Reform And Culture (1790-1860) Flashcards
1
Q
The Age of Reason
A
- book by Thomas Paine
- critiqued organized religion
- anticlerical treatise that accused churches of seeking to acquire “power and profit” and to “enslave mankind”
2
Q
Deism
A
- religion of the enlightenment
- followers believed that God existed and had created the world, but after, He left it to run by its own natural laws
- denied that God communicated to man or in anyway influenced his life
3
Q
Unitarians
A
- a member of a religious group that emphasized reason and faith in an individual
- deny the idea of the Holy Trinity
- Christian religion that believes God only exists in one person
- Believed that God is a loving father and that all people will go to heaven
4
Q
Second Great Awakeing
A
- series of religious revivals starting in 1801
- based on Methodism and Baptism
- stressed philosophy and salvation through good deeds and tolerance for protestants
- attracted women, African Americans, and Native Americans
5
Q
Burn-Over Districts
A
- area of New York State along the Erie Canal that was constantly aflame with revivalism and reform
- Religious groups such as the Mormons, Shakers, and Millerites found support among the residents
- known for sermons on “hellfire and damnation”
6
Q
Mormons
A
- church founded by Joseph Smith in 1830 with headquarters in Salt Lake City, Utah
- a religious group that emphasized moderation, saving, hard work, and risk-taking
- moved from IL to UT
- Latter Day Saints
7
Q
Lyceum
A
- a literary institution, lecture hall, or teaching place
- a school for students intermediates between elementary school and college
8
Q
American Temperance Society
A
- an organization group in which reformers are trying to help the ever present drinking problem
- formed in Boston in 1826
- was the first well-organized group to deal with the problems drunkards had on society’s well-being and the possible well-being of the individuals that are heavily influenced by alcohol
9
Q
Maine Law of 1851
A
- prohibited the manufacture and sale of intoxicating drinks
- a dozen other states followed Maine’s lead, though most statutes proved ineffective and were repealed within the decade
10
Q
Woman’s Rights Convention at Seneca Falls
A
- gathering of feminist activities in Seneca Falls, New York
- Elizabeth Cady Stanton read her “Declaration of Sentiments” stating that “all men and women are equal”
- rewrote the Declaration to include women
11
Q
New Harmony
A
- a utopian settlement in Indiana lasting from 1825-1827
- had 1,000 settlers but the lack of authority caused it to break up
12
Q
Brook Farm
A
- an experiment in Utopian transcendentalist socialism
- lasted six years (1841-1847)
- New Roxbury Massachusetts, 9 miles from Boston
- put into practice by transcendentalist former Unitarian minister George Ripley
- inspired by the socialist concepts of Charley Fourier
- Fourierism by the belief that there could be a utopian society where people could share together to have a better lifestyle
13
Q
Oneida Community
A
- a group of socio-religious perfectionist who lived in New York
- practiced polygamy, communal property, and communal raising of children
- a radical utopian community established in New York
- complex marriage, male consistency, and controlled breeding to create a new superior generation were all practiced
- lasted for thirty years because artisans made advanced steel traps and the Oneida Community Plate (made of silver)
14
Q
Shakers
A
- a millennial group who believed in both Jesus and a mystic named Ann Lee
- Because they were celibate and could only increase their numbers through recruitment and conversation, they eventually ceased to exist
15
Q
Hudson River School
A
- Founded by Thomas Cole
- first native school of landscape painting in the US
- attracted artists rebelling against the neoclassical tradition
- painted many scenes of New York’s Hudson River
