Chapter 22 The Heart Flashcards
vessels that take blood away from the heart
ARTERIES
vessels that bring blood back to the heart
VEINS
arteries and veins that enter and leave the heart
GREAT VESSELS
Blood flow through the heart is
unidirectional
The right side pumping blood to the lungs is called
PULMONARY Circulation
The left side pumps blood to the tissues of the body and is called
SYSTEMIC Circulation
the pressure of the blood pushing against the walls of the vessels
Blood Pressure
pressure of the pulmonary circulation is Low in relation to
pressure of the systemic circulation
Pulmonary Circulation carries blood from
the right side of the heart to the lungs then to the left side of the heart
Systemic Circulation carries blood from
the left side of the heart to the tissues of the body then to the right side of the heart
The heart is enclosed in a tough sac called
Pericardium
The Heart is located within the pseudo-cavity of
The Mediastinum
The outer layer of the Mediastinum
Fibrous Pericardium
The inner layer of the Mediastinum
Serous Pericardium
The Serous Pericardium and has two layers
Parietal Layer
Visceral Layer
Between the Parietal Layer and the Visceral layer is
Pericardial Cavity
The serous layer is so tightly associated with the surface of the heart that it becomes
Epicardium
-the outer layer, formed from the visceral layer of the pericardium
Epicardium
the middle layer of the heart wall, made up entirely of Cardiac Muscle Tissue
Myocardium
the inner layer of the hear wall, composed of Areolar Connective Tissue
Endocardium
receives blood from the body
Right Atrium
receives blood from the lungs
Left Atrium
pumps blood to the lungs
Right Ventricle
pumps blood to the body
Left Ventricle
What groove on the surface of the heart separates the atria from ventricles
Coronary Sulcus
The two ventricles are separated from each other anteriorly by
the Anterior Interventricular Sulcus
The two ventricles are separated from each other posteriorly by
the Posterior Interventricular Sulcus
Separates the atria from the ventricles inside the heart
fibrous skeleton
It provides Structural Support
and Electrical Insulation between the atria and the ventricles
fibrous skeleton
Right Atrium Receives venous blood from what three veins
Superior Vena Cava
Inferior Vena Cava
Coronary Sinus
Receives venous blood from head, neck, upper limbs and superior regions of the trunk
Superior Vena Cava
Receives venous blood from Lower Thoracic, Abdominal Cavity, and lower appendages
Inferior Vena Cava
Receives venous blood from heart wall
Coronary Sinus
What type of blood is flowing through the Right Atrium
Deoxygenated Blood
When the pressure in the Right Ventricle becomes greater than the pressure in the Right Atrium, the Right Atrioventricular Valve
Closes
When the pressure in the Right Ventricle is Lower than the pressure in the Right Atrium, the Right Atrioventricular Valve
Open
The Right and Left Ventricles are separated by
Interventricular Septum
Large, irregular muscle ridges found on the inner walls of each ventricle
Trabeculae Carneae
cords of fibrous connective tissue that attach to cusps in the atrioventricular valves
Chordae Tendineae
Chordae Tendineae also attach to what muscles in the floor of the Ventricles
Papillary Muscles
Do the cords and muscles in the heart open or close the valves of the heart
They do not open or close the valves. This is done entirely by pressure changes in the chambers.
What marks the end of the Right Ventricle
Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
What marks the beginning of the Pulmonary Trunk
Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
the Pulmonary Trunk bifurcates into the right and left
Right & Left Pulmonary Arteries
The smooth area next to the Right & Left Pulmonary Arteries
Conus Arteriosus
The Pulmonary Semilunar Valve is opened when the pressure in the Right Ventricle becomes
Greater than the pressure in the Pulmonary Trunk.
Oxygenated blood leaves the Lungs and travels to the Left Atrium by way of
Pulmonary Veins
The Left Atrium is separated from the Left Ventricle by
Left Atrioventricular Valve AKA bicuspid or mitral valve
This valve is opened and closed by the change in pressures between the Left Atrium and Left Ventricle
Left Atrioventricular Valve AKA bicuspid or mitral valve
The Left Ventricle pumps blood to the entire body except
Lungs
Separating the Left Ventricle from the Aorta is
Aortic Semilunar Valve
this is opened when the pressure in the Left Ventricle exceeds the pressure in the Aorta
Aortic Semilunar Valve
the wall of the Left Ventricle is how many times thicker than the wall of the Right Ventricle
3
What are the only source of oxygenated blood for the heart?
Coronary Arteries
The Right and Left Coronary Arteries are the first and only branches off of
the Ascending Aorta
The Right Coronary Artery branches into
Right Marginal Artery
Posterior Interventricular Artery
The Left Coronary Artery branches into
Anterior Interventricular Artery
Circumflex Artery
The three Coronary Veins
Great Cardiac Vein
Middle Cardiac Vein
Small Cardiac Vein
All the Coronary Veins drain into
Coronary Sinus
The Coronary Sinus drains into
the Right Atrium
The ability of the Heart to generate its own electrical impulses that lead to contraction is called?
Autorhythmicity
The electrical impulse starts in the Sinoatrial Node, located
in the roof of the Right Atrium, near the entrance of the Superior Vena Cava
How long is the impulse delay from the Sinoatrial Node to the Atrioventricular Node located in the floor of the Right Atrium
0.1 second
When a Chamber contracts it is called
Systole
when the Chamber relaxes it is called
Diastole
The Sympathetic Branch also innervates the Ventricles to
increase the force of the Heartbeat
The Parasympathetic Branch has
no influence on the force of the Heartbeat
