Chapter 22 Multi-Level Analysis (625-635) Flashcards

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1
Q

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) (3)

A
  1. Statistical technique that
  2. Compares variances within and between samples
  3. In order to estimate the significance of differences between a set of means
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2
Q

Capitalising on Chance (4)

A
  1. Making too many tests
  2. With alpha set at .05
  3. On the same data,
  4. Hence increasing the likelihood of a Type I error
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3
Q

Within Groups Sum of Squares (4)

A
  1. Sum of squares
  2. of deviations of scores
  3. around their sample means.
  4. Also: error SS.
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4
Q

Within Groups Variance (3)

A
  1. Total variance of scores
  2. around sample means.
  3. Also. error variance.
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5
Q

Between Groups Variance (2)

A
  1. Variance of sample means

2. around grand mean.

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6
Q

Grand Mean (2)

A
  1. Mean of all scores in a data set,

2. irrespective of conditions or groups

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7
Q

Total Variance (2)

A
  1. Variance of all scores in a set

2. around their grand mean

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8
Q

Error Variance (3)

A
  1. Total variance of all scores
  2. from their group means.
  3. Also: within groups variance.
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9
Q

F test/ratio (1)

A
  1. Statistic giving ratio of between groups to within groups variance
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10
Q

Sum of Squares (1)

A
  1. Addition of the squares of deviations around a mean
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11
Q

Variance Ratio Test (1)

A
  1. Full name for the test producing the F statistic
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12
Q

Mean Sum of Squares (1)

A
  1. Sum of squares divided by df
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13
Q

Between Group Sum of Squares (1)

A
  1. Sum of squares of deviations of sample means from the grand mean
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14
Q

Error Sum of Squares (2)

A
  1. Sum of squares of deviations of each score from its own group mean.
  2. Also: within group SS.
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15
Q

Pairwise Comparison (2)

A
  1. Comparison of just two means

2. From a set of means

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16
Q

Post Hoc Comparisons/Tests (2)

A
  1. Tests between means, or groups of means

2. Conducted after inspection of data from initial analysis

17
Q

A Priori Comparisons/Planned Comparisons (2)

A
  1. Tests of differences between selected means, or sets of means,
  2. Which, from prior theory, were predicted to differ
18
Q

Family-Wise Error Rate (3)

A
  1. The probability of making at least one Type I error
  2. In all the tests made on a set of data,
  3. Assuming H0 is true
19
Q

Error Rate per Comparison (3)

A
  1. Given the significance level set,
  2. The likelihood of a Type I error in each test made on the data
  3. If H0 is true
20
Q

Bonferroni t Tests (3)

A
  1. Procedure for testing means pairwise,
  2. Which involves raising the critical values of t
  3. To lower the family-wise error rate
21
Q

Linear Contrasts (2)

A
  1. Procedure for testing between individual pairs of means or combinations of means,
  2. a priori (i.e. predicted)
22
Q

Linear Coefficients (2)

A
  1. Values to be entered into an equation

2. For calculating linear contrasts

23
Q

Newman-Keuls Post Hoc Test (2)

A
  1. Post hoc test of means pairwise

2. Safe so long as number of means is relatively low

24
Q

Tukey’s (HSD) Post Hoc Test (3)

A
  1. Post hoc test of all possible pairwise combinations
  2. Appropriate analysis choice with a large number of means
  3. Considered conservative.
25
Q

Tukey’s (WSD) Post Hoc Test (1)

A
  1. Less conservative post hoc test than Tukey (HSD)
26
Q

Phi (1)

A
  1. Phi statistic for estimating power in ANOVA analyses
27
Q

Kruskal-Wallis Test (4)

A
  1. Non-parametric
  2. Between-groups
  3. Test of difference between several groups
  4. (Mann-Whitney is the two-condition equivalent)
28
Q

Jonckheere Trend Test (3)

A
  1. Non-parametric
  2. Statistical test for the significance of a trend
  3. In the dependent variable across unrelated conditions
29
Q

MANOVA (2)

A
  1. Statistical procedure using ANOVA

2. On more than one dependent variable

30
Q

Analysis of Co-Variance (ANCOVA) (3)

A
  1. Statistical procedure that performs an ANOVA
  2. While partialling out the effect of a variable
  3. That is correlated with the dependent variable (the ‘co-variate’)
31
Q

Co-Variate (3)

A
  1. A variable that correlates with a dependent variable
  2. On which two groups differ
  3. And which can be partialled out using ANCOVA
32
Q

Scheffé Post Hoc Analysis (3)

A
  1. Post hoc test
  2. That takes into account all possible comparisons of combinations of means
  3. (Most conservative post hoc test)