Chapter 22 Multi-Level Analysis (625-635) Flashcards

1
Q

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) (3)

A
  1. Statistical technique that
  2. Compares variances within and between samples
  3. In order to estimate the significance of differences between a set of means
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2
Q

Capitalising on Chance (4)

A
  1. Making too many tests
  2. With alpha set at .05
  3. On the same data,
  4. Hence increasing the likelihood of a Type I error
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3
Q

Within Groups Sum of Squares (4)

A
  1. Sum of squares
  2. of deviations of scores
  3. around their sample means.
  4. Also: error SS.
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4
Q

Within Groups Variance (3)

A
  1. Total variance of scores
  2. around sample means.
  3. Also. error variance.
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5
Q

Between Groups Variance (2)

A
  1. Variance of sample means

2. around grand mean.

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6
Q

Grand Mean (2)

A
  1. Mean of all scores in a data set,

2. irrespective of conditions or groups

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7
Q

Total Variance (2)

A
  1. Variance of all scores in a set

2. around their grand mean

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8
Q

Error Variance (3)

A
  1. Total variance of all scores
  2. from their group means.
  3. Also: within groups variance.
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9
Q

F test/ratio (1)

A
  1. Statistic giving ratio of between groups to within groups variance
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10
Q

Sum of Squares (1)

A
  1. Addition of the squares of deviations around a mean
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11
Q

Variance Ratio Test (1)

A
  1. Full name for the test producing the F statistic
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12
Q

Mean Sum of Squares (1)

A
  1. Sum of squares divided by df
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13
Q

Between Group Sum of Squares (1)

A
  1. Sum of squares of deviations of sample means from the grand mean
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14
Q

Error Sum of Squares (2)

A
  1. Sum of squares of deviations of each score from its own group mean.
  2. Also: within group SS.
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15
Q

Pairwise Comparison (2)

A
  1. Comparison of just two means

2. From a set of means

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16
Q

Post Hoc Comparisons/Tests (2)

A
  1. Tests between means, or groups of means

2. Conducted after inspection of data from initial analysis

17
Q

A Priori Comparisons/Planned Comparisons (2)

A
  1. Tests of differences between selected means, or sets of means,
  2. Which, from prior theory, were predicted to differ
18
Q

Family-Wise Error Rate (3)

A
  1. The probability of making at least one Type I error
  2. In all the tests made on a set of data,
  3. Assuming H0 is true
19
Q

Error Rate per Comparison (3)

A
  1. Given the significance level set,
  2. The likelihood of a Type I error in each test made on the data
  3. If H0 is true
20
Q

Bonferroni t Tests (3)

A
  1. Procedure for testing means pairwise,
  2. Which involves raising the critical values of t
  3. To lower the family-wise error rate
21
Q

Linear Contrasts (2)

A
  1. Procedure for testing between individual pairs of means or combinations of means,
  2. a priori (i.e. predicted)
22
Q

Linear Coefficients (2)

A
  1. Values to be entered into an equation

2. For calculating linear contrasts

23
Q

Newman-Keuls Post Hoc Test (2)

A
  1. Post hoc test of means pairwise

2. Safe so long as number of means is relatively low

24
Q

Tukey’s (HSD) Post Hoc Test (3)

A
  1. Post hoc test of all possible pairwise combinations
  2. Appropriate analysis choice with a large number of means
  3. Considered conservative.
25
Tukey's (WSD) Post Hoc Test (1)
1. Less conservative post hoc test than Tukey (HSD)
26
Phi (1)
1. Phi statistic for estimating power in ANOVA analyses
27
Kruskal-Wallis Test (4)
1. Non-parametric 2. Between-groups 3. Test of difference between several groups 4. (Mann-Whitney is the two-condition equivalent)
28
Jonckheere Trend Test (3)
1. Non-parametric 2. Statistical test for the significance of a trend 3. In the dependent variable across unrelated conditions
29
MANOVA (2)
1. Statistical procedure using ANOVA | 2. On more than one dependent variable
30
Analysis of Co-Variance (ANCOVA) (3)
1. Statistical procedure that performs an ANOVA 2. While partialling out the effect of a variable 3. That is correlated with the dependent variable (the 'co-variate')
31
Co-Variate (3)
1. A variable that correlates with a dependent variable 2. On which two groups differ 3. And which can be partialled out using ANCOVA
32
Scheffé Post Hoc Analysis (3)
1. Post hoc test 2. That takes into account all possible comparisons of combinations of means 3. (Most conservative post hoc test)