Chapter 22 - Aristotle's Rhetoric

Question 1

Rhetoric

Answer 1

The process of discovering all possible means of persuasion

Question 2

Socratic Method/Dialectic

Answer 2

Philosophical questions can be “settled” through a back and forth exchange and debate

Question 3

Socrates

Answer 3

Wisdom through questioning, dialogue (wouldn’t write anything down)

Question 4

Plato

Answer 4

Transcribed and refined Socrates. The Cave - most of what people take for reality is only a reflection

Question 5

Aristotle

Answer 5

Rhetoric is a neutral tool (can be used for good or evil) & the speaker’s use of knowledge is an art; the burden of proof is on the speaker

Question 6

Inartistic Proofs

Answer 6

Persuasive evidence not created by the speaker; external evidence

Question 7

Artistic Proofs

Answer 7

Internal proofs generated by the speaker with logical, ethical, or emotional appeals

Question 8

Logos

Answer 8

Logical proofs from a line of argument

Question 9

Syllogism (Part of Logos)

Answer 9

Deductive reasoning with 3 parts: major premise, minor premise, and conclusion (Ex: all living things are mortal, all people are living things, therefore all people die)

Question 10

Enthymeme

Answer 10

An incomplete version of a formal deductive syllogism created by leaving out a premise already accepted by audience or leaving the conclusion unstated

Question 11

Ethos

Answer 11

Perceived credibility; comes from the speaker’s intelligence (practical wisdom), character (virtue, honesty), and goodwill toward audience (revealed through delivery)

Question 12

Pathos

Answer 12

Emotional proof, comes from the feelings elicited from audience

Question 13

5 Canons of Rhetoric

Answer 13

1 - Invention (the speaker’s search for affective arguments).
2 - Arrangement (organization of material).
3 - Style (compelling presentation; the use of language, especially metaphor, to add visualization).
4 - Delivery (naturalness, articulation).
5 - Memory (ability to recall ideas, phrases).

Question 14

Ethics - Aristotle’s Golden Mean

Answer 14

The virtue of moderation, or avoidance of extremes (balance)