Chapter 22 And 23 Flashcards
Disease producing microbes such as bacteria and viruses
Pathogens
Ability to ward off damage or he sees through our defenses
Immunity or resistance
Vulnerability or lack of resistance
Susceptibility
Two types of immunity
Innate and adaptive
Refers to defenses that are present at birth, nonspecific does not involve specific recognition of a microbe and acts against all microbes in the same way
Innate immunity
First line of defense the physical and chemical barriers off the skin and mucous membranes the second line of defense antimicrobial substances natural killer cells phagocytes, inflammation and fever
Components of innate immunity
Represent immunity’s early warning system and are designed to prevent microbes from entering the body and to help eliminate those that do gain access
Innate immune responses
Refers to the defenses that involves specific recognition of a microbe once it has breached that innate immunity defenses. Based on a specific respond to a specific microbe that is it adapts or adjusts to handle a specific microbe.
Adaptive (specific)immunity
Involves lymphocytes a type of white blood cells called T lymphocytes T cells and B lymphocytes B cells
Adaptive immunity
Contributes to homeostasis by draining interstitial fluid as well as providing the mechanisms for defense against the disease
Lymphatic system
Occurs across the respiratory membranes
Gas exchange
Volume of gas varies inversely with pressure, assuming the temperature remains constant
Boyle’s Law
Each gas in a mixture of gases exert its own pressure as if all the other gases were not present
Dalton’s law
The quantity of a gas that will dissolve in a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas and its solubility(given constant temperature)
Henry’s law
Ease with which the lungs and thoracic wall can expand
Compliance
Normal quiet breathing
Eupnea
Sum of two or more lung volumes, include inspiratory, functional, residual,vital,and total lung capacities.
Lung capacities
Exchange of gases between systemic blood capillaries and tissue cells
Internal respiration or system gas exchange
Exchange of gases between alveoli and pulmonary blood capillaries depends on partial pressure
External respiration or pulmonary gas
exchange of gases between systematic blood capillaries
Internal respiration or systemic gas exchange
In acidic environment hemoglobins affinity for O2 is lower and O2 dissociates more readily from it
Bohr s effect
In the presence of O2 less CO2 binds to hemoglobin
Haldane effect
