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anatomy > chapter 22 > Flashcards

chapter 22 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the respiratory system

A

to supply the blood with oxygen and dispose of the CO2
Olfaction
Speech

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2
Q

What structures must air pass through to get to the lungs

A

Nose> Nasal Cavity> Pharynx>larynx> trachea. Bronchi

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3
Q

Respiration involves 4 processes, what are they?

A

Pulmonary Ventilation-air into the lungs
External Respiration-exchange of O2 and CO2 between lungs and blood
Transport of O2 and CO2 in blood
Internal Respiration_Exchange of O2 and CO2 between systemic blood vessels and tissues

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4
Q

The major organs of the upper respiratory are

A

Nose and Nasal Cavity
Paranasal sinuses
Pharynx

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5
Q

Major Organs of the lower respiratory are

A

Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi and Branches
Lungs and alveoli

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6
Q

What is the only external portion of the respiratory system

A

The nose

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7
Q

Functions of the nose include

A 
Provides an airway 
moistens and warms entering air 
Filters and cleans inspired air
Serves as resonating chamber for speech
Houses olfactory receptors
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8
Q

Functions of the conchae

A

During inhalation, conchae and nasal mucosa: Filte, heat, and moisten air
During exhalation these structures: Reclaim heat and moisture

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9
Q

What forms a ring around nasal cavities?

A

Paranasal sinuses

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10
Q

What is located in frontal, sphenoid, and maxillary bones?

A

Paranasal sinuses

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11
Q

what are the functions of the paranasal sinus

A

lighten skull, secrete mucus, help to warm and moisten ari

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12
Q

Define rhinititis

A

Inflammation of the nasal mucosa

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13
Q

The nasal mucosa is contininuous with

A

mucosa of respiratory tract

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14
Q

a funnel shaped muscular tube that run from base of skull to vertebra C6

A

Pharynx

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15
Q

What does the pharynx connect

A

connects nasal cavity and mouth to larynx and esophagus

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16
Q

The pharynx is composed of what type Muscle

A

Skeletal muscle

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17
Q

Lower respiratory system consists of

A

larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs

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18
Q

The larynx is broken into 2 zones, what are they

A

Respiratory zone and Conducting zone

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19
Q

What is the respiratory zone

A

site of gas exchange- consists of microscopic structures such as respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli

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20
Q

Conducting Zone

A

conduits that transport gas to exchange sites

21
Q

3 functions of the larynx

A

Provide patent airways
Routes air and food into the right channels
Voice production-houses vocal folds

22
Q

What type of cartilage does the epiglottis consist of

A

elastic cartilage

23
Q

What are the sphincter functions of the laryn

A

Vocal folds may act as sphincter to prevent air passage

24
Q

Describe laryngitis

A

inflammation of the vocal folds that causes vocal folds to swell, interfering with vibrations. It results in hoarseness, changes to vocal tone and sometimes speaking is limited to a whisper.

25
Q

What causes laryngitis

A

usually a viral infection but may also be due to overuse of the voice, very dry air, bacaterial infections

26
Q

how big is the trachea

A

it is about 4 inches long and 3/4 inches in diameter

27
Q

The trachea has a wall composed of how many layers

A

3
mucosa
Trachealis
Carina

28
Q

Mucosa is?

A

ciliated pseudo stratified epithelium with goblet cells

29
Q

This consists of smooth muscle fibers that connect posterior parts of cartilage rings

A

Tracheslis

30
Q

The point where trachea brances in two main bronchi

A

Carina

31
Q

a Procedure in which air in th evictims lungs is used to pop out or expel and obstructing piece of food

A

Heimlich Maneuver

32
Q

Air passages undergo ____ orders of branching

A

23

33
Q

Conducting zone structures give rise to ____

A

respiratory structures

34
Q

where do the respiratory zone begin

A

where terminal bronchioles feed into respiratory bronchioles

35
Q

what is the respiratory membrane

A

blood air barrier that consists of alveolar and capillary walls along with their fused basement membranes.

36
Q

The alveolar wall of the respiratory membrane consists of

A

single layer of squamous epithelium and scattereds cuboidal type 2 alveolar cells secrete surfactant.

37
Q

Each lobe of the lung is divided into whagt

A

bronchopulmonary segments

38
Q

How many segments on the rightr

A

10

39
Q

How many segments on the left lung?

A

8-10

40
Q

Each segment in the lung is served by its own?

A

artery vein and bronchus

41
Q

what are lobules

A

smallest subdivision visible to naked eye: hexagonal segments served by bronchioles and their branches.

42
Q

Lungs are mostly composed of what?

A

alveoles

43
Q

lungs are mostly composed of alveoli, The rest is composed of

A

stroma

44
Q

Pleurae is defined as

A

double layered serosal membrane that divides thoracic cavity into two pleural compartments

45
Q

membrane that surround the thoracic wall, superior face of diagphragm, around heart and between lungs

A

Parietal pleura

46
Q

Visceral Pleura surrounds th

A

the lungs

47
Q

what fills the pleural cavity

A

pleural fluid

48
Q

What is pleuracy

A

inflammation of the pleurae, they become rough and result in friction causing a stabbing pain in the chest.

anatomy (11 decks)

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