chapter 22

Question 1

What are the functions of the respiratory system

Answer 1

to supply the blood with oxygen and dispose of the CO2
Olfaction
Speech

Question 2

What structures must air pass through to get to the lungs

Answer 2

Nose> Nasal Cavity> Pharynx>larynx> trachea. Bronchi

Question 3

Respiration involves 4 processes, what are they?

Answer 3

Pulmonary Ventilation-air into the lungs
External Respiration-exchange of O2 and CO2 between lungs and blood
Transport of O2 and CO2 in blood
Internal Respiration_Exchange of O2 and CO2 between systemic blood vessels and tissues

Question 4

The major organs of the upper respiratory are

Answer 4

Nose and Nasal Cavity
Paranasal sinuses
Pharynx

Question 5

Major Organs of the lower respiratory are

Answer 5

Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi and Branches
Lungs and alveoli

Question 6

What is the only external portion of the respiratory system

Answer 6

The nose

Question 7

Functions of the nose include

Answer 7

Provides an airway 
moistens and warms entering air 
Filters and cleans inspired air
Serves as resonating chamber for speech
Houses olfactory receptors

Question 8

Functions of the conchae

Answer 8

During inhalation, conchae and nasal mucosa: Filte, heat, and moisten air
During exhalation these structures: Reclaim heat and moisture

Question 9

What forms a ring around nasal cavities?

Answer 9

Paranasal sinuses

Question 10

What is located in frontal, sphenoid, and maxillary bones?

Answer 10

Paranasal sinuses

Question 11

what are the functions of the paranasal sinus

Answer 11

lighten skull, secrete mucus, help to warm and moisten ari

Question 12

Define rhinititis

Answer 12

Inflammation of the nasal mucosa

Question 13

The nasal mucosa is contininuous with

Answer 13

mucosa of respiratory tract

Question 14

a funnel shaped muscular tube that run from base of skull to vertebra C6

Answer 14

Pharynx

Question 15

What does the pharynx connect

Answer 15

connects nasal cavity and mouth to larynx and esophagus

Question 16

The pharynx is composed of what type Muscle

Answer 16

Skeletal muscle

Question 17

Lower respiratory system consists of

Answer 17

larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs

Question 18

The larynx is broken into 2 zones, what are they

Answer 18

Respiratory zone and Conducting zone

Question 19

What is the respiratory zone

Answer 19

site of gas exchange- consists of microscopic structures such as respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli

Question 20

Conducting Zone

Answer 20

conduits that transport gas to exchange sites

Question 21

3 functions of the larynx

Answer 21

Provide patent airways
Routes air and food into the right channels
Voice production-houses vocal folds

Question 22

What type of cartilage does the epiglottis consist of

Answer 22

elastic cartilage

Question 23

What are the sphincter functions of the laryn

Answer 23

Vocal folds may act as sphincter to prevent air passage

Question 24

Describe laryngitis

Answer 24

inflammation of the vocal folds that causes vocal folds to swell, interfering with vibrations. It results in hoarseness, changes to vocal tone and sometimes speaking is limited to a whisper.

Question 25

What causes laryngitis

Answer 25

usually a viral infection but may also be due to overuse of the voice, very dry air, bacaterial infections

Question 26

how big is the trachea

Answer 26

it is about 4 inches long and 3/4 inches in diameter

Question 27

The trachea has a wall composed of how many layers

Answer 27

3 mucosa Trachealis Carina

Question 28

Mucosa is?

Answer 28

ciliated pseudo stratified epithelium with goblet cells

Question 29

This consists of smooth muscle fibers that connect posterior parts of cartilage rings

Answer 29

Tracheslis

Question 30

The point where trachea brances in two main bronchi

Answer 30

Carina

Question 31

a Procedure in which air in th evictims lungs is used to pop out or expel and obstructing piece of food

Answer 31

Heimlich Maneuver

Question 32

Air passages undergo ____ orders of branching

Answer 32

23

Question 33

Conducting zone structures give rise to ____

Answer 33

respiratory structures

Question 34

where do the respiratory zone begin

Answer 34

where terminal bronchioles feed into respiratory bronchioles

Question 35

what is the respiratory membrane

Answer 35

blood air barrier that consists of alveolar and capillary walls along with their fused basement membranes.

Question 36

The alveolar wall of the respiratory membrane consists of

Answer 36

single layer of squamous epithelium and scattereds cuboidal type 2 alveolar cells secrete surfactant.

Question 37

Each lobe of the lung is divided into whagt

Answer 37

bronchopulmonary segments

Question 38

How many segments on the rightr

Answer 38

10

Question 39

How many segments on the left lung?

Answer 39

8-10

Question 40

Each segment in the lung is served by its own?

Answer 40

artery vein and bronchus

Question 41

what are lobules

Answer 41

smallest subdivision visible to naked eye: hexagonal segments served by bronchioles and their branches.

Question 42

Lungs are mostly composed of what?

Answer 42

alveoles

Question 43

lungs are mostly composed of alveoli, The rest is composed of

Answer 43

stroma

Question 44

Pleurae is defined as

Answer 44

double layered serosal membrane that divides thoracic cavity into two pleural compartments

Question 45

membrane that surround the thoracic wall, superior face of diagphragm, around heart and between lungs

Answer 45

Parietal pleura

Question 46

Visceral Pleura surrounds th

Answer 46

the lungs

Question 47

what fills the pleural cavity

Answer 47

pleural fluid

Question 48

What is pleuracy

Answer 48

inflammation of the pleurae, they become rough and result in friction causing a stabbing pain in the chest.