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anatomy > Chapter 17 > Flashcards

Chapter 17 Flashcards

1
Q

The life sustaining transport vehicle of the cardiovascular system is?

A

Blood

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2
Q

Three Main Functions of Blood are

A

To transport, Protect, and regulate

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3
Q

Transport functions of blood include:

A

Transporting Oxygen

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4
Q

Regulation Functions of blood include:

A

Regulating body temperature

Maintaining normal pH, Sufficient and adequate fluids

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5
Q

Protection functions of blood include

A

Protection from blood loss and infection

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6
Q

what type of tissue is Blood

A

its a connective tissue and is the only the only fluid tissue found in the body.

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7
Q

Is plasma living or non living

A

non lliving

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8
Q

Living blood cells suspend in the plasma are called

A

Formed elements

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9
Q

Three types of formed elements

A

Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, and Platelets

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10
Q

Major components of whole blood include:

A

Plasma at 55%, Buffy coat at <1%, Erythrocytes at 45%

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11
Q

What color is blood

A

Blood varies with O2 levels, but mostly red

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12
Q

What makes up 8% of our body weight

A

Bloo

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13
Q

What is the pH of our Blood

A

7.35-7.45

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14
Q

Blood plasma is what color? And how much of Blood Plasma is water?

A

Straw-colored sticky fluid and about 90% water

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15
Q

WHat are dissolved solutes?

A

Nutrients, hormones, wastes, inorganic ions

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16
Q

WHere are dissolved solutes found? And what are the most abundant solutes?

A

IN plasma. Plasma proteins

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17
Q

Formed elements

A

RBCs, WBCs, And platelets

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18
Q

How long do most formed elements survive

A

just a few days

19
Q

where do most cells originate

A

in the bone marrow and do not divide

20
Q

structural characteristics of erythrocytes include”

A

small in diameter (7.5 um)
Filled with hemoglobin
Biconcave relative for gas transport
Hemoglobin makes up 97% cell volume

21
Q

Do RBCs have mitochondria

A

NO, Atp production is anaerobic, they do not consume O2 they transport

22
Q

Hemoglobin binds to what?

A

Oxygen

23
Q

Hemoglobin consists of:

A

globin, 4 polypeptide chains and 4 heme groups

24
Q

How much oxygen can one Hb molecule transport and how many Hemoglobin molecules are found in one RBC?

A

Each hb molecule can transport 4 oxygen molecules, and each RBC contains 250 million molecules

25
Q

O2 unloading in the lungs

A

Oxyhemoglobin (ruby Red)

26
Q

O2 unloading in the tissues

A

Deoxyhemoglobin ( Dark Red)

27
Q

CO2 loading in tissues

A

Carbaminohemoglobin (20% in blood binds tp Hb)

28
Q

Formation of all blood cells

A

Hemotopoieses

29
Q

where does hemotopoieses occur

A

in the red bone barrow

30
Q

Formation of Red Blood Cells is called what

A

Erythropoiesis

31
Q

Too few Rbc’s lead to what

A

hypoxia

32
Q

Too many Rbc’s lead to what

A

Blood viscosity

33
Q

How many Rbc’s are made per second

A

2 Million

34
Q

hormone that stimulates formation of Rbc’s

A

Erythropoietin

35
Q

EPO is released by what

A

Kidneys

36
Q

EPO target organ is what

A

Red Bone Marrow

37
Q

EPO is a response to what

A

Hypoxia- due to decreased amount of red blood cells, decreased O2

38
Q

too many erythrocytes or high oxygen levels in blood inhibits what

A

EPO

39
Q

Why do some athletes abuse EPO

A

increases hematocrit, which allows athlete to increase stamina and performance.

40
Q

Dangerous consequences of Increased Hematocrit

A

Dehydration can concentrate blood

41
Q

65% of iron is found where?

A

in hemoglobin

42
Q

Free iron ions are toxic so iron is bound to proteins, stored in cells as _____and _____. Transported in blood bound protein called _____.

A

Ferritin and hemosiderin: Transferrin

43
Q

Dietary requirements for erythropoiesis are

A

Vitamin B12 and Folic acid.

44
Q

Life span of of Erythrocyte

A

100-120 days

anatomy (11 decks)

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