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anatomy > Chapter 20 > Flashcards

Chapter 20 Flashcards

1
Q

The lymphatic system returns fluids leaked from ____ _____ back to _____.

A

Blood vessels back to blood

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2
Q

The lymphatic system is composed of three parts

A

Network of lymphatic vessels
Lymp:fluid in vessels
Lymph nodes: cleanse Lymph

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3
Q

Lymphoid organs and tissues house…

A

Phagogcytic cells lymphocytes

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4
Q

Lymphatic systems returns interstitial fluid and leaded plasma proteins back to blood via:

A

Lymphatic Vessels: elaborate network of drainage vessels.

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5
Q

Lymph is defined as

A

interstitial fluid entering lyphatics

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6
Q

What kind of system to lymphatic vessels offer

A

a one way route ensuring lymph flows back to the hearrt

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7
Q

Lymph vessels include

A

lymphatic capillaries

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8
Q

Lymphatic capillaries

A

blind ended vessels that weave in between tissue cells and blood capillaries

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9
Q

What is different about lymphatic capillaries and blood capillaries

A

Can act as route for pathogens or cancer cells to travel throughout the body

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10
Q

Specialized lymph capillaries present in intestinal mucosa

A

Lacteals

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11
Q

The function of lacteals are

A

to absorb digested fat and deliver fatty lymph to the blod

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12
Q

Where do lymph capillaries drain

A

drain into increasingly larger vessels called collecting lymphatic vessels

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13
Q

describe the structure of the larger lymphatic vessels

A

have tunics similar to veins, except:
Have thinner walls, with more internal valves
Anastomose more frequently

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14
Q

Collecting vessels in skin travel with superficial veins, but deep vessels travel with

A

arteries

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15
Q

what are formed by union of largest collecting vessels drain large areas of body

A

Lymphatic trunk

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16
Q

Lymph is delivered from trunks into one or tow large _____

A

Lymphatic Ducts

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17
Q

right Lymphatic duct drains..

A

Drains right upper arm and right side of the head and thorax

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18
Q

Thoracic duct drains

A

drains the rest of the body

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19
Q

lymphangitis is caused by

A

caused by inflammation of larger lymphatic vessels that contain vaso vasora

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20
Q

What type of pressure system is the lymph system

A

Low pressure

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21
Q

Describe the Lymph Transport system

A 
Milking action of skeletal muscle
Pressure changes in thorax
Valves to prevent backflow
pulsations of nearby arteries
Contractions of smooth muscle in walls of lymphatics
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22
Q

What will increase the flow of the lymphatics

A

Physical activity

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23
Q

Severe localized edema is called

A

lymphedema

24
Q

What is lymphedema caused by

A

anything that prevents normal return of lymph to blood

25
Q

Examples of causes of lymphedema

A

Tumors blocking lymphatics or removal of lymphatics during cancer surgery

26
Q

Lymphedema may improve if….

A

some lymphatic pathways remain and enlarge

27
Q

what do lymphoid cells consist of

A

immune system cell found in lymphoid tissue a

2 supporting cells that form lymphoid tissue structures

28
Q

Lymphocytes

A

cells of the adaptive immune system; mature into one or two main types.

29
Q

2 main types of lymphocytes

A 
T cells (T lymphocytes)
B Cells(b Lymphocytes)
30
Q

T cells and B cells protect agains

A

antigens

31
Q

T cells attack and destroy

A

infected cells

32
Q

B cells produce

A

Plasma cells which secrete antibodies

33
Q

what do antibodies do

A

mark antigens for destruction by phagocytosis

34
Q

Macrophages

A

phagocytize foreign substances

35
Q

Dendritic cells

A

capture antigens and deliver them to lymph nodes

36
Q

A reticular cells is classified as what

A

supporting lymphoid cell

37
Q

Reticular cells produce

A

reticular fibers called stroma in the lymphoid organs

38
Q

Stroma is defined as

A

network like support that acts as scaffolding for immune cells

39
Q

Main functions of lymphoid tissues

A

Houses and provides proliferation sites for lymphocytes

Offers surveillance vantage points for lymphocytes and macrophages

40
Q

Lymphoid tissue is largely composed of

A

reticular connective tissue: a type of loos connective tissue

41
Q

Where do macrophages live

A

on reticular fibers

42
Q

2 main types of lymphoid tissue:

A

Diffuse Lymphoid tissue

Lymphoid follicles

43
Q

Diffuse lymphoid tissue is a

A

loose arrangement of lymphoid ells and some reticular fibers

44
Q

where is diffuse lymphoid tissue found

A

In virtually every body organ but larger collections are found in lamina propria of mucous membranes

45
Q

Lymphoid follicles are

A

solid spherical bodies consisting o tightly packed lymphoid cells and reticular fibers

46
Q

what do the lymphoid follicles contain

A

germinal centers of proliferating B cells

47
Q

Primary Lymphoid organs

A

Areas wehre T and B cells Mature

48
Q

What are the areas in the Primary Lymphoid organs where T and B cells Mature

A

red Bone Marrow

Thymus

49
Q

What is classified as Secondary Lymphoid Organs

A

areas where mature lymphocytes first encounter their antigen and become activated.

50
Q

100 of nodes are found throughout the body, but most are

A

embedded into the connective tissue in clusters along lymphatic vessels.

51
Q

What cells remove and destroy microorganisms and debris that enter lymph

A

Macrophages

52
Q

What are the two main functions of the lymph nodes

A

Cleansing the lymph and immune system activation

53
Q

what is the structure of the lymph node

A

Vary in shape and size, small, less than 2.5 cm
Surrounded by external fibrous capsule
Capsule fibers extend inward

54
Q

Capsule fibers extend inward as

A

trebeculae that divide node into compartments

55
Q

Buboes

A

inflamed, swollen, tender lymph nodes that result when nodes are overwhelmed by what they are trying to destroy

56
Q

Buboes is often referred to as

A

Swollen glands

57
Q

Cancer infiltrated lymph nodes are usually not

A

painful but are swollen

anatomy (11 decks)

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