Chapter 20

Question 1

The lymphatic system returns fluids leaked from ____ _____ back to _____.

Answer 1

Blood vessels back to blood

Question 2

The lymphatic system is composed of three parts

Answer 2

Network of lymphatic vessels
Lymp:fluid in vessels
Lymph nodes: cleanse Lymph

Question 3

Lymphoid organs and tissues house…

Answer 3

Phagogcytic cells lymphocytes

Question 4

Lymphatic systems returns interstitial fluid and leaded plasma proteins back to blood via:

Answer 4

Lymphatic Vessels: elaborate network of drainage vessels.

Question 5

Lymph is defined as

Answer 5

interstitial fluid entering lyphatics

Question 6

What kind of system to lymphatic vessels offer

Answer 6

a one way route ensuring lymph flows back to the hearrt

Question 7

Lymph vessels include

Answer 7

lymphatic capillaries

Question 8

Lymphatic capillaries

Answer 8

blind ended vessels that weave in between tissue cells and blood capillaries

Question 9

What is different about lymphatic capillaries and blood capillaries

Answer 9

Can act as route for pathogens or cancer cells to travel throughout the body

Question 10

Specialized lymph capillaries present in intestinal mucosa

Answer 10

Lacteals

Question 11

The function of lacteals are

Answer 11

to absorb digested fat and deliver fatty lymph to the blod

Question 12

Where do lymph capillaries drain

Answer 12

drain into increasingly larger vessels called collecting lymphatic vessels

Question 13

describe the structure of the larger lymphatic vessels

Answer 13

have tunics similar to veins, except:
Have thinner walls, with more internal valves
Anastomose more frequently

Question 14

Collecting vessels in skin travel with superficial veins, but deep vessels travel with

Answer 14

arteries

Question 15

what are formed by union of largest collecting vessels drain large areas of body

Answer 15

Lymphatic trunk

Question 16

Lymph is delivered from trunks into one or tow large _____

Answer 16

Lymphatic Ducts

Question 17

right Lymphatic duct drains..

Answer 17

Drains right upper arm and right side of the head and thorax

Question 18

Thoracic duct drains

Answer 18

drains the rest of the body

Question 19

lymphangitis is caused by

Answer 19

caused by inflammation of larger lymphatic vessels that contain vaso vasora

Question 20

What type of pressure system is the lymph system

Answer 20

Low pressure

Question 21

Describe the Lymph Transport system

Answer 21

Milking action of skeletal muscle
Pressure changes in thorax
Valves to prevent backflow
pulsations of nearby arteries
Contractions of smooth muscle in walls of lymphatics

Question 22

What will increase the flow of the lymphatics

Answer 22

Physical activity

Question 23

Severe localized edema is called

Answer 23

lymphedema

Question 24

What is lymphedema caused by

Answer 24

anything that prevents normal return of lymph to blood

Question 25

Examples of causes of lymphedema

Answer 25

Tumors blocking lymphatics or removal of lymphatics during cancer surgery

Question 26

Lymphedema may improve if....

Answer 26

some lymphatic pathways remain and enlarge

Question 27

what do lymphoid cells consist of

Answer 27

immune system cell found in lymphoid tissue a | 2 supporting cells that form lymphoid tissue structures

Question 28

Lymphocytes

Answer 28

cells of the adaptive immune system; mature into one or two main types.

Question 29

2 main types of lymphocytes

Answer 29

``` T cells (T lymphocytes) B Cells(b Lymphocytes) ```

Question 30

T cells and B cells protect agains

Answer 30

antigens

Question 31

T cells attack and destroy

Answer 31

infected cells

Question 32

B cells produce

Answer 32

Plasma cells which secrete antibodies

Question 33

what do antibodies do

Answer 33

mark antigens for destruction by phagocytosis

Question 34

Macrophages

Answer 34

phagocytize foreign substances

Question 35

Dendritic cells

Answer 35

capture antigens and deliver them to lymph nodes

Question 36

A reticular cells is classified as what

Answer 36

supporting lymphoid cell

Question 37

Reticular cells produce

Answer 37

reticular fibers called stroma in the lymphoid organs

Question 38

Stroma is defined as

Answer 38

network like support that acts as scaffolding for immune cells

Question 39

Main functions of lymphoid tissues

Answer 39

Houses and provides proliferation sites for lymphocytes | Offers surveillance vantage points for lymphocytes and macrophages

Question 40

Lymphoid tissue is largely composed of

Answer 40

reticular connective tissue: a type of loos connective tissue

Question 41

Where do macrophages live

Answer 41

on reticular fibers

Question 42

2 main types of lymphoid tissue:

Answer 42

Diffuse Lymphoid tissue | Lymphoid follicles

Question 43

Diffuse lymphoid tissue is a

Answer 43

loose arrangement of lymphoid ells and some reticular fibers

Question 44

where is diffuse lymphoid tissue found

Answer 44

In virtually every body organ but larger collections are found in lamina propria of mucous membranes

Question 45

Lymphoid follicles are

Answer 45

solid spherical bodies consisting o tightly packed lymphoid cells and reticular fibers

Question 46

what do the lymphoid follicles contain

Answer 46

germinal centers of proliferating B cells

Question 47

Primary Lymphoid organs

Answer 47

Areas wehre T and B cells Mature

Question 48

What are the areas in the Primary Lymphoid organs where T and B cells Mature

Answer 48

red Bone Marrow | Thymus

Question 49

What is classified as Secondary Lymphoid Organs

Answer 49

areas where mature lymphocytes first encounter their antigen and become activated.

Question 50

100 of nodes are found throughout the body, but most are

Answer 50

embedded into the connective tissue in clusters along lymphatic vessels.

Question 51

What cells remove and destroy microorganisms and debris that enter lymph

Answer 51

Macrophages

Question 52

What are the two main functions of the lymph nodes

Answer 52

Cleansing the lymph and immune system activation

Question 53

what is the structure of the lymph node

Answer 53

Vary in shape and size, small, less than 2.5 cm Surrounded by external fibrous capsule Capsule fibers extend inward

Question 54

Capsule fibers extend inward as

Answer 54

trebeculae that divide node into compartments

Question 55

Buboes

Answer 55

inflamed, swollen, tender lymph nodes that result when nodes are overwhelmed by what they are trying to destroy

Question 56

Buboes is often referred to as

Answer 56

Swollen glands

Question 57

Cancer infiltrated lymph nodes are usually not

Answer 57

painful but are swollen