Chapter 22 Flashcards
As war raged in Europe, President Woodrow Wilson argued that the United States should remain _____ in this conflict, urging Americans to be “impartial in thought as well as in action.”
Neutral. “American Neutrality”
a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Contemporaneously described as the “War to End All Wars” more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war (including the victims of a number of genocides)
The Great War - WWI
Causes of WWI:
Nationalism Expansion Alliances Aggressive and Competitive Leaders War Fever Militarism Assassination of Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand and his wife, Sophie.
Central Powers:
Germany
Austria Hungary
Ottoman Empire
Allied Powers:
France
Great Britain
Russia
United States
the main theatre of war during the First World War. Following the outbreak of war in August 1914, the German Army opened the ______ by invading Luxembourg and Belgium, then gaining military control of important industrial regions in France.
Western Front
a period in the history of warfare ranging roughly from the early 19th century and the start of the Industrial Revolution to the beginning of the Atomic Age, which saw the rise of nation-states, capable of creating and equipping large armies, navies, and air forces, through the process of industrialization.
Industrial War[fare]
a war that is unrestricted in terms of the weapons used, the territory or combatants involved, or the objectives pursued, especially one in which the laws of war are disregarded.
total war
a type of combat in which opposing troops fight from trenches facing each other.
trench warfare
land that is unoccupied or is under dispute between parties who leave it unoccupied due to fear or uncertainty. The term was originally used to define a contested territory or a dumping ground for refuse between fiefdoms.
“No Man’s Land”
the 33rd quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 7, 1916. Incumbent Democratic President Woodrow Wilson defeated Supreme Court Justice Charles Evans Hughes, the Republican candidate.
1916 Election
Woodrow Wilson’s 1916 Election slogan
“He Kept Us Out of War”
The sinking of the Cunard ocean liner _______ occurred on Friday, 7 May 1915 during the First World War, as Germany waged submarine warfare against the United Kingdom which had implemented a naval blockade of Germany.
RMS Lusitania
a secret diplomatic communication issued from the German Foreign Office in January 1917 that proposed a military alliance between Germany and Mexico in the event that the United States entered World War I against Germany.
The Zimmermann Telegram
Charles E. Stanton visited the tomb of French Revolution and American Revolution hero Marquis de La Fayette and (according to Pershing) said, _______ to honor the nobleman’s assistance during the Revolutionary War and assure the French people that the people of the United States would aid them in World War I.
“Lafayette, we are here!”
a pair of revolutions in Russia in 1917 which dismantled the Tsarist autocracy and led to the rise of the Soviet Union.
The Bolshevik Revolution
a Russian communist revolutionary, politician and political theorist. He served as head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 to 1924 and of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1924.
Vladimir Lenin
a peace treaty signed on 3 March 1918 between the new Bolshevik government of Soviet Russia and the Central Powers, that ended Russia’s participation in World War I.
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
The objective of _____ is to use the State to prepare society for communism by communalizing all of the productive forces of the society, i.e. by making all of the means of production public property.
Marxist Communism
a statement of principles for peace that was to be used for peace negotiations in order to end World War I.
Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points
also known as Versailles Peace Conference, was the meeting of the victorious Allied Powers following the end of World War I to set the peace terms for the defeated Central Powers.
Paris Peace Conference
_______ was the most important of the peace treaties that brought World War I to an end. The Treaty ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers.
Versailles Treaty
Big Four:
Wilson - United States
David Lloyd Georges - Great Britain
Clemenceau - France
Orlando - Italy
Countries not at the Peace Conference
Germany & Russia
On Nov. 19, 1919, the Senate rejected the Treaty of Versailles based primarily on objections to _____. The U.S. would never ratify the treaty or join ______.
The League of Nations
also known as the 1918 flu pandemic, was an unusually deadly influenza pandemic, the first of the two pandemics involving H1N1 influenza virus.
The Spanish Flu
an American law enforcement administrator and the first Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation of the United States.
J. Edgar Hoover
What was the first World War originally called?
The Great War
What was a new tool of war first used during The Great War?
Aircraft, Tank, Poison Gas, Gas Mask
What was the style of warfare on the Western Front?
Trench Warfare
What was an effective German weapon during the Great War?
Submarine or U-Boat
Which passenger ship was sunk by Germany with more than 1,000 civilians dead and more than 100 were Americans?
Lusitania
In 1916, who campaigned with the slogan, “He Kept us out of War”?
Woodrow Wilson
How did Russia fare in the war?
Communist overthrow by Lenin and death to royal family
Where was the treaty conference held to end the war?
Paris – Versailles Treaty
What medical emergency did President Wilson suffer at the end of the war?
Stroke
