Chapter 16

Question 1

The Era of Reconstruction (dates)

Answer 1

1865-1877

Question 2

A more stringent plan was proposed by Senator Benjamin F. Wade and Representative Henry Winter Davis in February 1864. The Wade-Davis Bill required that 50 percent of a state’s white males take a loyalty oath to be readmitted to the Union. In addition, states were required to give blacks the right to vote.

Answer 2

Wade-Davis Bill

Question 3

Lincoln’s blueprint for Reconstruction included the Ten-Percent Plan,which specified that a southern state could be readmitted into the Union once 10 percent of its voters (from the voter rolls for the election of 1860) swore an oath of allegiance to the Union.

Answer 3

10% Plan

Question 4

At Appomattox, Virginia, Confederate General ______ surrenders his 28,000 troops to Union General ______, effectively ending the American Civil War. (April 9, 1865)

Answer 4

1. Robert E. Lee

2. Ulysses S Grant

Question 5

Shortly after 10 p.m. on April 14, 1865, actor John Wilkes Booth entered the presidential box at Ford’s Theatre in Washington D.C., and fatally shot ______.

Answer 5

President Abraham Lincoln

Question 6

became president as he was vice president at the time of the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. First president to be impeached. Tenure of Office Act. From Tennessee. Elected to Senate after his presidency.

Answer 6

President Andrew Johnson

Question 7

included the Ten-Percent Plan, which specified that a southern state could be readmitted into the Union once 10 percent of its voters (from the voter rolls for the election of 1860) swore an oath of allegiance to the Union

Voters could then elect delegates to draft revised state constitutions and establish new state governments

All southerners except for high-ranking Confederate army officers and government officials would be granted a full pardon

Guaranteed southerners that he would protect their private property, though not their slaves.

Answer 7

Lincoln’s Plan for Reconstruction

Question 8

Presidential Reconstruction.

He returned confiscated property to white southerners

He issued hundreds of pardons to former Confederate officers and government officials

He undermined the Freedmen’s Bureau by ordering it to return all confiscated lands to white landowners

Johnson also appointed governors to supervise the drafting of new state constitutions and agreed to readmit each state provided it ratified the Thirteenth Amendment, which abolished slavery.

Answer 8

Johnson’s Plans for Reconstruction

Question 9

In early 1866, Congressional Republicans, appalled by mass killing of ex-slaves and adoption of restrictive black codes, seized control of Reconstruction from President Johnson. Congress denied representatives from the former Confederate states their Congressional seats, passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866, and wrote the 14th Amendment to the Constitution, extending citizenship rights to African Americans and guaranteeing them equal protection of the laws. The 14th Amendment also reduced representation in Congress of any southern state that deprived African Americans of the vote. In 1870, the country went even further by ratifying the Fifteenth Amendment, which gave voting rights to black men. The most radical proposals advanced during Reconstruction–to confiscate plantations and redistribute portions to the freemen–were defeated.

Answer 9

Congressional Reconstruction

Question 10

With the Radical Republicans fully in control of Congress after the mid-term elections of 1866, they quickly passed the ___________ of 1867. These divided the south into five military districts.

Answer 10

Military Reconstruction Acts

Question 11

Reconstruction Amendments

Answer 11

13th Amendment   (End Slavery)
    14th Amendment   (Equal Rights, Citizenship, Repudiation of Confederate Debt, etc)
    15th Amendment   (Voting rights for all men)

Question 12

Radical Republicans

Answer 12

In Congress, the most influential Radical Republicans were U.S. Senator Charles Sumner and U.S. Representative Thaddeus Stevens. They led the call for a war that would end slavery. Wanted full equality for ex-slaves. Wanted Congressional control of reconstruction. Supported Wade-Davis Bill (50%).

Question 13

Black Codes/Jim Crow Laws

Answer 13

Southern states began trying to end black voting. By 1910, all Southern states had excluded blacks from voting. In the 1890s, Southern states enacted a new form of Black Codes, called “Jim Crow” laws. These laws made it illegal for blacks and whites to share public facilities. Restored racial tendencies.

Question 14

Freedman’s Bureau

Answer 14

The Freedmen’s Bureau, formally known as the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands, was established in 1865 by Congress to help millions of former black slaves and poor whites in the South in the aftermath of the Civil War. Helped establish BASIC EDUCATION. Set up schools.

Question 15

“40 Acres and a Mule”

Answer 15

a phrase echoed throughout the South in the aftermath of the Civil War, asserting the right of newly freed African Americans to redistributed lands—particularly those plantations confiscated by U.S. troops during the war—as compensation for unpaid labor during slavery. Government failed to hold true on their promise–false rumors.

Question 16

“Carpetbaggers” and “Scalawags”

Answer 16

The term “carpetbaggers” refers to Northerners who moved to the South after the Civil War, during Reconstruction. Many carpetbaggers were said to have moved South for their own financial and political gains. Scalawags were white Southerners who cooperated politically with black freedmen and Northern newcomers.

Question 17

President Ulysses S. Grant

Answer 17

Ulysses S. Grant was an American soldier and statesman who served as Commanding General of the Army and the 18th President of the United States, the highest positions in the military and the government of the United States. Symbol of victory for Union Army. Lost 2 men for every 1 of Robert E Lee, but had more men to spare.

Question 18

Presidential candidates of 1876

Answer 18

Republican - Rutherford B. Hayes

Democrat - Samuel Tilden

Question 19

The Compromise of 1877

Answer 19

In the Compromise of 1877, the U.S. presidential election, 1876 is resolved with the selection of Rutherford B. Hayes as the winner, even though Samuel J. Tilden had won the popular vote on November 7, 1876. March 4 – Rutherford B. Hayes becomes President of the United States, succeeding Ulysses S. Grant. Ended the Reconstruction era. The Republicans agreed to withdraw all federal troops from the South. Hayes promised to appoint at least one southerner to his cabinet.

Question 20

Sharecroppers

Answer 20

a tenant farmer who gives a part of each crop as rent.

Question 21

Plessy v. Ferguson

Answer 21

a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court issued in 1896. It upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities as long as the segregated facilities were equal in quality – a doctrine that came to be known as “separate but equal”.

Question 22

African-American Leadership (1860-1910)

Answer 22

Frederick Douglass, Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. Du Bois, Ida B. Wells.

Question 23

Frederick Douglass

Answer 23

Abolitionist leader born into slavery sometime around 1818 in Talbot County, Maryland. He became one of the most famous intellectuals of his time, advising presidents and lecturing to thousands on a range of causes, including women’s rights and Irish home rule.

Question 24

Booker T. Washington

Answer 24

was an American educator, author, orator, and advisor to presidents of the United States. Between 1890 and 1915, he was the dominant leader in the African-American community. Founded Tuskegee Institute.

Question 25

W.E.B. Du Bois

Answer 25

first African American to earn a doctorate from Harvard he became a professor of history, sociology and economics at Atlanta University. Du Bois was one of the founders of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909. Leader of the Niagara Movement: a group of African-American activists who wanted equal rights for blacks.

Question 26

Atlanta Compromise

Answer 26

agreement that Southern blacks would work and submit to white political rule while Southern whites guaranteed that blacks would receive basic education and due process in law. Blacks would not focus their demands on equality, integration, or justice, and Northern whites would fund black educational charities. Agreement struck in 1895 between Booker T. Washington, president of the Tuskegee Institute, other African-American leaders, and Southern white leaders. It was first supported, and later opposed by W. E. B.

Question 27

Tuskegee Institute

Answer 27

a historically black college in Alabama founded by Booker T. Washington.

Question 28

N.A.A.C.P.

Answer 28

The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People: a civil rights organization in the United States, formed in 1909 as a bi-racial organization to advance justice for African Americans by a group, including, W. E. B. Du Bois