Chapter 21 — Respiratory System

Question 1

function of respiratory system

Answer 1

supplies the body with O₂ and rids it of CO₂

Question 2

if we don’t get sufficient O₂, our cell respiration stops at _______ and only __ ATPs are created

Answer 2

glycolysis

ATP

Question 3

CO₂ reacts with water to form _______ ____

Answer 3

carbonic acid (H₂CO₃)

Question 4

pH drop in blood results in _______

Answer 4

acidosis

Question 5

2 parts of respiratory system

Answer 5

respiratory tract

lungs

Question 6

the respiratory tract is divided into ______ and ______, and the point of division is…

Answer 6

upper and lower

just above larynx

Question 7

2 systems that assist respiratory system

Answer 7

skeletal muscle system

cardiovascular system

Question 8

how does the skeletal muscle system assist?

Answer 8

assists in ventilation by altering intrapulmonary air pressure

Question 9

________ and _________ muscles are used in normal breathing, and ________ muscles are used when we need a higher rate of respiration

Answer 9

diaphragm & intercostals

abdominal

Question 10

how does the cardiovascular system assist?

Answer 10

by transporting blood gases to tissues (O₂) and from tissues (CO₂)

Question 11

5 parts of respiration

Answer 11

ventilation

external respiration

gas transport

internal respiration

cell respiration

Question 12

ventilation is…

Answer 12

bringing air in, expelling air out

Question 13

external respiration is…

Answer 13

exchange of O₂ and CO₂ between lungs and blood

Question 14

gas transport is…

Answer 14

movement of O₂ from lungs to tissues in blood, and CO₂ from tissues to lungs in blood

Question 15

internal respiration is…

Answer 15

exchange of O₂ and CO₂ between blood and tissues

Question 16

in cellular respiration, ____ is consumed and ____ is produced

Answer 16

O₂ consumed

CO₂ produced

Question 17

air must be ________ before it reaches lower respiratory tract

Answer 17

conditioned

Question 18

3 parts of air conditioning

Answer 18

filtering

humidifying (moistening)

warming

Question 19

how is air filtered?

Answer 19

Large particulate matter filtered by hair follicles in nose

Fine matter filtered by mucus

Question 20

how is air humidified?

Answer 20

Mucus in respiratory tract humidifies air which flows over it

Question 21

how is air warmed?

Answer 21

Capillary beds just beneath nasal cavity surface warm incoming air

Question 22

3 major structures of upper respiratory tract

Answer 22

nose

nasal cavity

pharynx

Question 23

function of nose

Answer 23

point of entrance into the respiratory system

Question 24

nose is lined with…

Answer 24

stratified squamous ep.

Question 25

hair follicles are in the...

Answer 25

nose

Question 26

PCCE meaning

Answer 26

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelia

Question 27

nasal cavity is lined with...

Answer 27

PCCE & mucus cells

Question 28

3 functions of mucus

Answer 28

traps fine particulate matter in air traps airborne pathogens humidifies incoming air

Question 29

function of cilia in nasal cavity

Answer 29

move mucus to back of nasopharynx so we can spit or swallow it

Question 30

nasal conchae prevent _______ flow of air

Answer 30

laminar

Question 31

what is the problem with laminar flow?

Answer 31

it flows in layers that don't mix, so not all the incoming air will be conditioned by mucus/hair follicles/capillaries

Question 32

function of nasal conchae

Answer 32

create an irregular surface over which air flow through the nasal cavity becomes turbulent, allowing all of it to be conditioned

Question 33

function of capillary beds in nasal cavity

Answer 33

warm incoming air (blood is warm)

Question 34

function of sinuses

Answer 34

contribute mucus to the nasal cavity or pharynx

Question 35

sinuses become inflamed because...

Answer 35

they are an ideal habitat for bacteria

Question 36

pharynx is a ____ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ for respiratory and digestive systems

Answer 36

dual passageway

Question 37

3 subregions of pharynx

Answer 37

nasopharynx oropharynx laryngopharynx

Question 38

the nasopharynx is lined with...

Answer 38

PCCE & mucus cells

Question 39

the oropharynx and laryngopharynx are lined with...

Answer 39

stratified squamous ep.

Question 40

why do the oropharynx and laryngopharynx need to be lined with stratified squamous ep?

Answer 40

it is highly mitotic, which allows it to regenerate quickly when there is damage (high potential for damage in that area from food)