Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BS114—Anatomy & Physiology II > Chapter 20 — Immune System Adaptive > Flashcards

Chapter 20 — Immune System Adaptive Flashcards

1
Q

immunity is due to…

A

memory cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

2 qualities of immunity

A

specificity to a certain antigen

memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

memory cells are held in…

A

inactive form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

4 classes of immunity

A

natural active

artificial active

natural passive

artificial passive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

explain natural active immunity

A

person is infected, survives, and develops memory cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

explain artificial active immunity

A

person is injected with killed or weakened antigen and develops memory cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

explain natural passive immunity

A

infant receives antibodies from mother through placenta or in breast milk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

explain artificial passive immunity

A

person is injected with antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

example of artificial active immunity

A

a vaccine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

example of artificial passive immunity

A

antivenom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

most vaccines include a _____ form of an antigen

A

killed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

why did polio vaccines stop using weakened pathogens?

A

they would revert back to their normal state in the child’s body, and the child’s caregivers could get polio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

to form a weakened antigen…

A

it is mutated to form a weaker strand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

passive immunity relies on _______, which means it is temporary because…

A

antibodies

they clear away eventually

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

______ classes provide long-term immunity and ________ classes provide short-term immunity

A

active

passive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

2 types of immunity

A

cellular

humoral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

cells associated with cellular immunity

these cells attack antigens…

A

T-cells

attack directly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

cells associated with humoral immunity

these cells attack antigens…

A

B-cells

indirectly

19
Q

4 types of T-cells

A

cytotoxic

helper

regulatory

memory

20
Q

function of cytotoxic t-cells

A

attack antigens directly

21
Q

function of helper t-cells

A

produce interleukin

22
Q

interleukin is produced and secreted by ______ _____ and its functions are…(4)

A

helper t-cells

attracts WBCs to antigens, stimulates phagocytosis, stimulates WBC mitosis, causes maturation of t-cells & b-cells

23
Q

function of regulatory t-cells

A

limit immune response after success in fighting antigen

24
Q

unregulated immune response to covid could be a result of…

A

regulatory t-cell failure

25
Q

function of memory t-cells

A

inactive subset of cells in reserve that can become active if body is reinfected with the antigen they “remember”

26
Q

function of b-cells

A

produce antibodies

27
Q

2 types of b-cells

A

plasma b-cells

memory b-cells

28
Q

function of plasma b-cells

A

when activated, produce a certain antibody

29
Q

function of memory b-cells

A

inactive, can produce their specific antibody if activated

30
Q

y-shaped proteins that can defend the body

A

antibodies

31
Q

4 mechanisms by which antibodies defend body

A

neutralization

complement fixation

agglutination

precipitation

32
Q

explain neutralization

A

antibody binds to an area on an antigen that it might use to gain entry to a cell

33
Q

complement fixation (by antibodies) allows it to… (4)

A

Bind to antigen-antibody complexes for immune clearance

Enhance phagocytosis

Use cytolysis

Signal basophils and mast cells for inflammatory response

34
Q

explain agglutination

A

antibodies bind cells together in a clump that cannot move readily and becomes a larger target

35
Q

explain precipitation

A

antibodies bind antigenic chemical molecules together - limits their spread

36
Q

what is the difference between agglutination and precipitation?

A

agglutination - works on pathogenic cells (bacteria)

precipitation - works on pathogenic chemicals

37
Q

5 antibody classes

A

IgA

IgD

IgG

IgE

IgM

38
Q

IgA is found in _____ and functions in…

A

saliva

agglutination and neutralization

39
Q

IgD is found on…

and has a role in…

A

surface of B-cells

B-cell sensitization and activation

40
Q

IgG is found in ____ and functions in…

A

serum (blood plasma)

neutralization and complement fixation

41
Q

IgE is found in ______ ______ and…

A

mucous membranes

facilitates inflammation by binding mast cells to basophils

42
Q

IgM is found in _____ and _____ and functions in…

A

blood and lymph

agglutination and precipitation

43
Q

explain antigen presenting cells

A

WBCs (mostly phagocytes) put an antigen’s epitopes on their own cell membrane to “show” other WBCs - activates T & B cells

BS114—Anatomy & Physiology II (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions