Chapter 20 — Immune System Nonadaptive Flashcards
function of immune system
protects the body from antigens and abnormal cells
define antigen
anything perceived as foreign to the body
antigens can be ______ or ______
living or nonliving
3 examples living antigens
bacteria
parasites
fungi
5 examples of nonliving antigens
metal
plastic
toxic chemicals
pollen
viruses
when antigens like viruses damage tissue and it is replaced with scar tissue, it…
will never function as the original tissue did
explain epitopes
chemical markers on an antigen that allow a WBC to recognize it and attack it
how WBCs attack an antigen
receptor specific to an epitope binds to antigen’s epitope
WBC undergoes cell replication
new group of WBCs attack antigen
some WBCs held back as “memory cells”
what gives us immunity?
memory cells
Some antigens have many different types of epitopes (________) and are…
Others (_____) have only one epitope and…
bacteria; more likely to be destroyed quickly
plastic; take longer to destroy
because WBCs normally exist at low levels, the antigen must…
reach a certain level in the body to be recognized and destroyed
2 subdivisions of immune system
innate/nonadaptive
adaptive
explain nonadaptive vs adaptive immune system
nonadaptive: the same in all people, combat every antigen the same way, provide us with resistance but won’t eliminate an antigen
adaptive: can adapt to a certain antigen - combat antigens differently - provide us with immunity
explain immunity
the immune system will destroy an antigen before it causes harm/symptoms
nonadaptive immune system types of defences
barriers
white blood cells: macrophages, neutrophils, basophils, natural killer cells, eosinophils
antimicrobial proteins
inflammation
fever
examples of barriers
skin
epithelial linings of respiratory, digestive, reproductive tracts
barriers have associtated ________
secretions
sweat’s immune role
slightly low pH - can denature antigens on skin
mucus’ immune function
can trap antigens so we can expel or destroy them, or slows their spread
saliva & tears’ immune function
contain enzymes and antibodies that break down antigens
macrophages develop from…
monocytes
macrophages can be _______ or _______
fixed or wandering
fixed macrophage
microglia of CNS
explain phagocytosis with endocytosis
cell envelops antigen
membrane pinches off and forms membrane bound vesicle around antigen
MBV fuses with a cell organelle containing chemicals that can break down chemical structure of antigen
explain exocytosis part of phagocytosis
broken down pieces of antigen within MBV are moved out of the cell and released
example of chemicals within lysosomes
lytic enzymes
2 examples of organells that destroy antigens
lysosomes
peroxisomes
neutrophils use…
cloud of death
neutrophils are used in _______ infections
localized