Chapter 21 Flashcards
Ascites is defined as:
an abnormal accumulation of serous fluid within the peritoneal cavity.
Pyloric stenosis is a(n):
abnormal enlargement of the pyloric sphincter.
Moles on the abdomen:
are common.
The organ in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen is the:
spleen.
The four layers of large, flat abdominal muscles form the:
ventral abdominal wall.
Pyrosis is:
a burning sensation in the upper abdomen.
The abdomen normally moves with breathing until the age of ____ years.
7
Older adults have:
decreased salivation leading to dry mouth.
The symptoms occurring with lactose intolerance include:
bloating and flatulence.
Methods to enhance abdominal wall relaxation during examination include:
positioning the patient with the knees bent.
Aneurysm
defect or sac formed by dilation in artery wall due to atherosclerosis, trauma, or congenital defect
Anorexia
loss of appetite for food
Ascites
abnormal accumulation of serous fluid within the peritoneal cavity, associated with heart failure, cirrhosis, cancer, or portal hypertension
Borborygmi
loud, gurgling bowel sound signaling increased motility or hyper peristalsis; occurs with early bowel obstruction, gastroenteritis, diarrhea
Bruit
blowing, swooshing sound heard through a stethoscope when an artery is partially occluded
Cecum
first or proximal part of large intestine
Cholecystitis
lower border of rib margin formed by the medial edges of the 8th, 9th, and 10th ribs
Costovertebral angle (CVA)
angle formed by the 12th rib and the vertebral column on the posterior thorax, overlying the kidney
Diastasis recti
midline longitudinal ridge in the abdomen, a separation of abdominal rectus muscle
Dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
Epigastrium
name of abdominal region between the costal margins
Hepatomegaly
abnormal enlargement of liver
Inguinal Ligament
ligament extending from pubic bone to anterior superior iliac spine, forming lower border of abdomen
Linea alba
midline tendinous seam joining the abdominal muscles
Paralytic ileus
complete absence of peristaltic movement that may follow abdominal surgery or complete bowel obstruction
Peritoneal friction rub
rough grating sound heard through the stethoscope over the site of peritoneal inflammation
Peritonitis
inflammation of the peritoneum
Pyloric stenosis
congenital narrowing of pyloric sphincter, forming outflow obstruction of stomach
Pyrosis
heartburn; burning sensation in upper abdomen due to reflux of gastric acid
Rectus abdominis muscle
midline abdominal muscles extending from rib cage to pubic bone
Scaphoid
abnormally sunken abdominal wall, as with malnutrition or underweight
Splenomegaly
abnormal enlargement of spleen
Striae
(lineae albicantes) silvery white or pink scar tissue formed by stretching of abdominal skin as with pregnancy or obesity
Suprapubic
name of abdominal region just superior to pubic bone
Tympany
high- pitched, musical, drumlike percussion note heard when percussing over the stomach and intestine
Umbilicus
depression on the abdomen marking site of entry of umbilical cord
Viscera
internal organs
Select the sequence of techniques used during an exam of the abdomen
Inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation
Which of the following can be noted through inspection of a patients abdomen?
Venous pattern, peristaltic waves, and abdominal contour
Right upper quadrant tenderness may indicate pathology in the
liver, pancreas, or ascending colon
Hyperactive bowel sounds are
high-pitched, rushing, tinkling
The absence of bowel sounds is established after listening for
5 full min
Auscultation of the abdomen may reveal bruits of the _________arteries.
Aortic, renal, iliac, and femoral
The normal range of liver span in the right midclavicular line in the the adult is:
6-12 cm
The left upper quadrant (LUQ) contains the:
spleen
A female patient has striae on the abdomen. Which color indicates long-standing striae?
silvery white
Auscultating the abdomen is begun in the RLQ because
bowel sounds are always normally present here
A dull percussion note forward of the left midaxillary line is
Indicative of splenic enlargement
Shifting dullness is a test for
Ascites
Tenderness during abdominal palpation is expected when palpating the
sigmoid colon
A positive Murphys sign is best described as
Pain felt when taking a deep breath when the examiners fingers are on the approximate location of the inflamed gallbladder
A positive Blumberg sign indicates
Peritoneal inflammation
