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Intro to Radiography > Chapter 21 > Flashcards

Chapter 21 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the chemical name of a drug?

A

The first name when a drug is developed - identifies the actual chemical structure

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2
Q

What is the generic name of a drug?

A

Name given when the drug becomes commercially available - simpler name derived from the chemical name

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3
Q

What is another name for generic name?

A

Nonproprietary name

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4
Q

What is a trade name/brand name?

A

Names given to drugs to specify that drug is made by a specific company

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5
Q

Examples of trade names?

A

Motrin and Advil

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6
Q

What are other ways to classify drugs?

A

By action or legal classification

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7
Q

Drugs that are grouped together because they relieve pain are called:

A

Analgesics

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8
Q

How are drugs classified according to the law?

A

Prescription and non-prescription

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9
Q

What are examples of non-prescription drugs?

A

Vitamins, dietary supplements

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10
Q

What is the most common dosage form?

A

Tablet

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11
Q

Characteristics of tablets

A

Can be enteric coated or scored

Some may be extended release

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12
Q

Characteristics of capsules

A

Can be powdered or liquid drug contained in a gelatin shell

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13
Q

What is inhalation dosage used for?

A

Local or systemic effects

Local - Asthema or COPD
Systemic - General anesthesia

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14
Q

Characteristics of a solution dosage?

A

One or more drugs dissolved on liquid carrier.

Rapidly absorbed

Administered orally or parenterally

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15
Q

Characteristics of suspension dosage?

A

One or more drugs in small particles are suspended in liquid carrier

Not water soluble - should be shaken before administered

Should not be administered intravenously

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16
Q

Characteristics of Transdermal patch?

A

Applied to skin surface and absorbed into the blood stream

Releases drug over time

Metals in patch can overheat in MRI

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17
Q

Can a patient be prescribed 2 different action classification of drugs for same symptom?

A

Yes.

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18
Q

What are analgesics?

A

Drugs that releive pain without causing loss of consiousness

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19
Q

What are the two categories of Analgesics?

A

Opioids (narcotic)
Non-opioids (non-narctoric)

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20
Q

What are examples of Opioids and their side effects?

A

Morphine and Demerol

Nausea, vomitting, consitipation
Possible physiological dependency

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21
Q

What are examples of Non-opioids?

A

Tylenol

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22
Q

Relationship between opioids and addiction

A

Addiction is not common with long term opioid use

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23
Q

What are anesthetics?

A

Act on the CNC to produce a loss of sensation

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24
Q

Two types of anesthetics?

A

General and Local

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25
Q

Examples of general anesthetics?

A

Ether
Pentothal

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26
Q

How does local anesthetic work?

A

Block nerve conduction to that part of the body

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27
Q

Examples of local anesthetics?

A

Novocain, lidocaine

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28
Q

How is general anesthetics administered?

A

Inhalation or IV

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29
Q

When is general anesthetics used?

A

Major surgery

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30
Q

Side effects of local anesthetic?

A

Irregular heartbeat, difficulty breathing or death

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31
Q

How do anti-anxiety medications work?

A

Act on CNS to clam patient

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32
Q

What are examples of anti-anxiety agents?

A

Valium and Ativan
Versed - pre-op drug
Xanax

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33
Q

What are antiarrhythymics?

A

Used to treat heart arrythmias

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34
Q

What is an example of an antiarrhythymic?

A

Cordorone

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35
Q

What are antibiotics used for?

A

To destory or inhbit growth of microorganisms

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36
Q

What are the two kinds of antibiotics?

A

Broad spectrum
Narrow spectrum

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37
Q

What is broad spectrum effective against?

A

Large number of microorganisms

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38
Q

What is narrow spectrum effective against?

A

Small number of microorganisms

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39
Q

What is an example of board spectrum antibiotics?

A

Z-pak, Cirpo

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40
Q

What is an example of narrow spectrum antibiotics?

A

Penicillin and Erythromyacin

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41
Q

How do Anticholinergic (anti-spasmatic) agents work?

A

Reduce smooth muscle tone, motility of GI tract, and secretions of respiratory tract secretory glands

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42
Q

Side effects of anticholinergics?

A

Dry mouth
Rapid heartbeat
Delirium

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43
Q

What are examples of anticholinergics?

A

Atropine

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44
Q

When is Atropine used?

A

Pre-op to inhibit secretions and prevent bradycardia

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45
Q

What do anticoagulants do?

A

Slow down the coagulation time of blood (prevents blood clots)

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46
Q

What are anticoagulants used for?

A

Prevent thromboembolic disorders

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47
Q

Examples of anticoagulants?

A

Heparin
Coumadin

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48
Q

During what exam is Heparin used for?

A

Angiography, so catheter does not collect blood clots on it when placed in vessel

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49
Q

How is Heparin administered?

A

Invravenously - should not be intramuscular because it can cause a hematoma

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50
Q

What is Coumadin?

A

Oral anti-coagulant

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51
Q

Side effect of Heparin?

A

Too much can cause internal bleeding and hemorraging

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52
Q

What are anticonvulsants used for?

A

Drugs used to prevent or control seizures, either grand mal or petite

53
Q

Examples of anticonvulsants?

A

Dilantin - grand mal
Depakote - petite

54
Q

How long does it take for antidepressents to work?

A

6-12 weeks

55
Q

Examples of antidepressants?

A

Prozac
Zoloft
Paxil
Lexapro

56
Q

What is associated with depression?

A

Low serotonin levels

57
Q

How does serotonin work?

A

Makes synapse of the nerves more smooth

58
Q

What are SSRIs used for?

A

Panic disorders

59
Q

Side effects of antidepressants?

A

Nausea and vomitting

60
Q

What are the two types of diabetes?

A

Type 1 (diabetic mellitus)
Type 2

61
Q

How are Diabetes type 1 and type 2 different?

A

Type 1 - absence of insulin
Type 2 - insulin deficiency and insulin resistance

62
Q

How is Type 1 diabetes treated?

63
Q

Medicines for Type 2 diabetes?

A

Glyburide (micronanse)
Glipzide (glucotrol)
Metformin (glucophage or glucovane)
Pioglitzone (actos)

64
Q

When should Metformin not be taken?

A

Prior to iodinated contrast studies - can cause renal failure

65
Q

What are antiemetics?

A

Drugs used to prevent nausea and vomitting

66
Q

Common antiemetics?

A

Compazine and Zofran

67
Q

Function of antihistamines?

A

Treat both acute and chronic disorders

68
Q

Two groups of antihistamines?

A

Sedating (first generation)
Non-sedating (second generation)

69
Q

Example of sedating antihistamine:

A

Benadryl
Administered intramusculary, if emergency

70
Q

Example of non-sedating antihistamine?

A

Claritin - taken orally for not as severe allergic reactions

71
Q

Function of antihyperlipdemic agents?

A

Reduce lipid levels in blood steam which can lead to Atherosclerosis

72
Q

What is the main group of antihyperlipdemics?

73
Q

Two common statin drugs are:

A

Lipitor and Zocor

74
Q

Side effects of statin drugs?

A

Constipation, abdominal pain, muscle pain, liver abnormalities

75
Q

What should cholestorol levels be to take statins?

A

Less than 200

76
Q

What is the leading cause of death in the US for both men and women?

A

Coronary Heart Disease caused by Atheroscerosis

77
Q

What are antihypertensive agents used to treat?

A

Hypertension - high blood pressure

78
Q

Examples of antihypertensive agents?

A

Tenormin (atenolol)
Lopressor (metopropol)
Vasotec (enalapril)

79
Q

What are antiplatelets used for?

A

Inhibit platelet build up in blood steam

80
Q

When are antiplatelets needed?

A

Myocardial infraction
Strokes
Trans Ischemic attack

81
Q

What does Ischemia mean?

A

Not getting enough blood

82
Q

Antiplatletes are often refered to as:

A

Blood thinners

83
Q

Examples of blood thinners(antiplatelets)?

A

Aspirin
Plavix (clopidogrel)
Repro

84
Q

Side effect of blood thinners?

A

Can cause bleeding

85
Q

What are antiphychotics used for?

A

Treat psychiatric disorders

86
Q

Adverse effects of antiphychotics?

A

Sedation and orthostatic hypotension

87
Q

Example of antipsychotic?

A

Haloperidol (Haldol)

88
Q

What are antiulcer agents used for?

A

Peptic ulcers - both gastro and duodenal and GERD

89
Q

What is GERD?

A

Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease

Reflux of acid from stomach into esophagus

90
Q

What are peptic ulcers from?

A

Helicobacter Pylori

91
Q

Common anti-ulcer drugs

A

Zantac
Prevacid

92
Q

What are antivirals used for?

A

Inhibit or supress growth of viruses (pathogens)

93
Q

What are common viral infections?

A

Herpes Simplex
Chicken Pox
Shingles
Influenza
HIV

94
Q

What are the common antiviral drugs used to treat HIV?

A

Retrovir
AZT

95
Q

What are Bronchodilators used for?

A

Treatement of asthma and COPD

96
Q

What are side effects of Bronchodilators?

A

Nervousness
Tachycardia

97
Q

What is a common bronchodilator?

98
Q

What are Cholinesterase inhibitors used for?

A

Alzheimer’s Disease

99
Q

What do Cholinesterase inhibitors do?

A

Prevents too much uptake of acetylcholine - a major neurotransmitter

100
Q

What do Coagulants do?

A

Control hemorrage or speed up coagulation

101
Q

What are most Coagulants manufactured from?

102
Q

What are Corticosteroids used for?

A

Treat both long term chronic inflammation disorders and short term acute inflammatory disorders

103
Q

What is a common Corticosteriod?

A

Flovent - Fluticasone

104
Q

What are diuretics used for?

A

Increase the amount of urine being excreted by the kidneys

105
Q

What is a common diuretic?

A

Furosemide (Lasix)

106
Q

What is Lasix?

A

A diuretic used to treat fluid backup that may come from congestive heart failure

107
Q

What are diuretics often used with?

A

Antihypertensive drugs

108
Q

What are Emetics?

A

Drugs used to produce vomitting

109
Q

What is a common Emetic?

110
Q

What are hormone drugs used for?

A

To stimulate the functional activity of the hormonal system

111
Q

What is a common HR drug that stimulates hormones?

112
Q

Common HR drugs that inhibit hormones?

A

Tamoxifen - estrogen inhibitor

113
Q

What are mood stabilizing drugs used for?

A

Prevent mood swings
Treat bipolar disorder

114
Q

What are NSAIDS used for?

A

Act as an analgesic
Fever reducer
Inflammation

115
Q

Common NSAID?

A

Ibuprofen (Motrin)

116
Q

What NSAID was on the news for causing CV issues?

117
Q

What are sedatives used for?

A

Mild sedation to complete sleep

118
Q

Side effect of sedatives?

A

Can lead to physical dependence

119
Q

Common sedative?

A

Zolpidem (Ambien)

120
Q

What are stimulants used for?

A

Increase function and/or activity of CNS and brain

121
Q

Common stimulants for ADHD?

A

Ritalin and Adderall

122
Q

Common stimulant found on crash cart?

A

Intropin - prevent shock and hypertension

123
Q

What are Thrombolytics used for?

A

Dissolve clots (thrombi)

124
Q

Common Thrombolytic?

A

Activase - adminstered parenterally for MI/stroke

125
Q

What does Vasocontrictors do?

A

Cause blood vessels to constrict

126
Q

Common vasoconstrictor?

A

Norepinephrine

127
Q

What do Vasodilators do?

A

Cause blood vessels to dilate

128
Q

What are Vasodilators used for?

A

Vasular disease and angina (heart pain)

129
Q

Common vasodilator?

A

Nitroglycerin
Epineprhine

Intro to Radiography (15 decks)

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