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Intro to Radiography > Chapter 20 > Flashcards

Chapter 20 Flashcards

1
Q

What is an emergency?

A

Condition of patient of sudden change in medical status that requires immediate action: technologist must recognize when assistance is warrented or needed

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2
Q

Priorities for working with patients in medical emergencies:

A
  1. Ensure an open airway (A)
  2. Control bleeding (B)
  3. Prevent Shock (C)
  4. Attend wounds and fractures
  5. Provide emotional support
  6. Continually re-evaluate and follow up
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3
Q

What do crash carts contain?

A

Drugs and equipment to handle life threatening situations

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4
Q

How are drawers ordered on crash cart?

A

ABC order

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5
Q

What drugs are on crash cart?

A

Atropine - respiratory stimulant/bradycardia
Benadryl - allergic reactions
Cordarone - heart arrhythmias
Dilantin - seizures/anti-convulsant
Lasix - edema
Xylocaine - local anethetic
Intropin - shock
Epinephrine - cardiac arrest and anaphylaxis

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6
Q

What are non-drug items on crash cart?

A

Backboard - CPR
Flashlight
Levine tubing - NG tube
Jelco cannulas - IV tube
Cut down tray - PICC lines
Connectors - connect tubing
Surgical lubricant - place NG tube

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7
Q

Levels of consciousness

A
  1. Least severe - alert and conscious; can full respont to stimuli and questions
  2. More serious - drowsy; can be roused with loud voice or gentle contract
  3. More serious - unconscious and only reacts to painful stimuli
  4. Most serious - comatose or unresponsive to all stimuli
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8
Q

Signs of deteriorating head injury

A
  1. Irritability
  2. Lethargy
  3. Slowing pulse rate
  4. Slowing respiratory rate
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9
Q

How should Rad Tech respond to deteriorating head injuries

A

Stop the procedure
Maintain open airway
Minimal movement
Get assistance
Mointor vital signs

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10
Q

What is shock?

A

Indicates the failure of the circulatory system to support vital body functions

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11
Q

Types of shock?

A

Hypovolemic
Cardiogenic
Neurogenic
Vasogenic

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12
Q

What is Hypovolemic shock?

A

Loss of blood/tissue fluid

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13
Q

What is Cardiogenic shock?

A

Caused by cardiac arrest issues

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14
Q

What is Neurogenic shock?

A

Spinal anethesia or damage to upper spinal cord; CNS is damaged

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15
Q

What is Vasogenic?

A

Most common - caused by infection, anesthesia, or anaphylaxis

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16
Q

What kind of shock do X-ray techs encounter?

A

Hypovolemic or vasogenic

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17
Q

When does Anaphylaxis usually occur?

A

After a contrast media injection

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18
Q

How to prevent shock?

A

Prevent sudden changes in body temp

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19
Q

What factors contibute to shock?

A

Pain
Anxiety
Stress

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20
Q

What two aspects do you need to pay attention to when caring for the patient?

A

Physical and
Psychological care

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21
Q

Signs and symptoms a patient might be going into shock:

A

Anxiety
Tachycardia
Decreased blood pressure
Cold and clammy skin
Pallor - pale skin

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22
Q

Severe contrast reactions can result in:

A

Cardiac arrest or death

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23
Q

Symptoms of a mild contrast reaction:

A

Localized itching
Uticaria - hives
Nausea or vomitting

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24
Q

What is generalized itching and hives an indicative of?

A

Systemic reaction - more serious reaction

25
Q

First thing administered to patient in the event of a reaction?

A

Benedryl or epinephrine

26
Q

More serious contrast reactions might include:

A

Laryngeal edema
Shock
Cardiac arrest

27
Q

What is insulin?

A

Hormone that helps regulate carbohyrdate and fat metabolism in the body

28
Q

What is hypoglycemia and what are the symptoms?

A

Excessive insulin/low blood sugar; weak, shaky, sweat, confused, irritable

29
Q

What is hyperglycemia?What are symptoms?

A

Excessive sugar/low insulin; thirst, urination, dry mucosa, rapid and deep breaths, drowsy and confused

30
Q

What can happen if patient is hypoglycemic?

A

Can go into insulin shock; needs carbs, ask patient to sit or lie down

31
Q

What can happen if patient is hyperglycemic?

A

Needs insulin - can go into a diabetic coma

32
Q

What is happening when “wheezing” occurs?

A

Loss of elasticity of bronchi

33
Q

What should the tech do in case of an asthma attack?

A

Stop the procedure
Set the patient upright
Allow patient to use asthma meds

34
Q

How to assess for choking?

A

Can you breath
Red face, clutches throat
Encouraged to cough

35
Q

How to perform Heimlich if pregnant?

A

Stand in back
Arms around patient
Thumb side of fist placed about center of sternum
Chest thrusts - not abdominal

36
Q

Signs and symptoms of cardiac arrest

A

Sharp chest pain
Pain down the left arm
Pallor
SOB, palpatations, anxious

37
Q

Warning signs of CVA?

A

Slurred or loss of speech
Paralysis
Dizziness and loss of vision

38
Q

What should a technologist do if patient is experiencing CVA?

A

Signs and symptoms reported to nurse/physican
Do not stand/move
CPR may be required

39
Q

Who is more likely to have CVA?

A

Adults over 75

40
Q

Nausea/vomitting is what type of response?

A

Psychological and physiological

41
Q

How should patient breathe if nauseaus?

A

Slowly and deeply through their mouths

42
Q

If patient is going to vomit, how should they be positioned? And what should be provided?

A

In a position where they don’t aspirate - side/erect
Turn head
Provide emesis basin

43
Q

What is epistaxis?

A

Nose bleed

44
Q

What to do in case of a nose bleed?

A

Do not put patient in recumbent position
Lean them foward
Put digital pressure on nostril
Don’t tilt head back
Apply moist compress
Seek medical attention after 15 minutes

45
Q

What is vertigo?

A

Dizziness

46
Q

Another word for syncope?

A

Fainting

47
Q

What to do if patient is experiencing vertigo?

A

Put them in a seated or recumbent position

48
Q

What is syncope?

A

Self-correcting mechanism to get blood flow back to the brain

49
Q

What is a temporary form of shock?

A

Syncope

50
Q

What to do if patient faints?

A

Get in recumbent position with feet elevated, loosen any tight clothing, moist cool towel to forehead

51
Q

What is orthostatic hypotension?

A

Dizziness or vertigo from sitting/standing too quickly

52
Q

What happens during a mild seizure?

A

Brief loss of consciousness or may stare into space.
May be slightly confused and weak

53
Q

What happens during a severe seizure?

A

Involunatry contractions of muscles on 1 or both sides
Lasts one to several minutes

54
Q

What should tech do if patient has a seizure?

A

Do not restrain, but prevent injury
Do not stick fingers in their mouth
Move to floor
After seizure, make sure airway is open

55
Q

What is an aura?

A

Physical or mental warning of seizure

56
Q

What is dehiscence?

A

When sutures separate allowing contents to spill our of cavity

57
Q

What to do in the event of dehiscence?

A

Do not try to put contents back in
Place sterile dressing over
Put patient in seated/slightly forward position
Get help

58
Q

What is eviseration?

A

Loss of organs from a body cavity

59
Q

Medicaton used to decrease anxiety during MRI

A

Xanax
Valium
Versed

Intro to Radiography (15 decks)

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