Chapter 21 Flashcards
1
Q
What is homologous series?
A
A family of organic compounds with the same functional group and similar chemical properties.
2
Q
What is a functional group?
A
An atom or group of atoms that gives a molecule its characteristic properties.
3
Q
What is petroleum?
A
A naturally occurring mixture of hydrocarbons (mainly alkanes).
4
Q
Petroleum can be separated into useful fractions by (…)?
A
Fractional distillation
5
Q
What are the fractions of petroleum? (from lowest to highest boiling point)
A
- petroleum gas
- petrol (gasoline)
- naphtha
- kerosene (paraffin)
- diesel oil
- lubricating oil
- bitumen
6
Q
What are the uses for the different petroleum fractions?
A
- petroleum gas: fuel for cooking and heating
- petrol (gasoline): fuel for motorcars
- naphtha: feedstock (raw material) for making petrochemicals such as plastics and detergents
- kerosene (paraffin): fuel for aircraft engines, cooking using oil stoves and heating
- diesel oil: fuel for diesel engines in buses, lorries and trains
- lubricating oil: for lubricating machines; for making waxes and polishes
- bitumen: for making road surfaces and roofing
