Chapter 20 Vocab Flashcards
Pan-slavism
A method that Russia tried to use to poach areas from AH. It emphasized that EVERone was Slavic, so why not be Slavic in Russia?
When was World War One?
1914-1918
Triple Entente
The original name for the allied France, Britain, Russia(WWI). Later became the Allied Powers
Central Powers
World War I, origianl name for the allied Germany, AH, and ottomans.
Trench warfare
A type of warfare used on the western front between Germany and France, in World War I
Why did the U.S join World War I?
Because they were already pro-Britain, and Germany attacked both US and British ships in their war efforts
Conscription
Mandatory military service, also put private enterprises to doing military work(WWI)
Rule of propinquity
Whoever is in the room making the decisions makes decisions that give them the most power
Brest-Litovisk Treaty
A treaty that Lenin signed in 1918, giving up some Russian territories. Germany then had to occupy these territories with troops, spreading themselves thin.
The Versailles Treaty
A treaty made at the end of World War I, 1919.
Fourteen Points
A document that U.S president Wilson brought to the table after world war 1. He wanted a “safe world for democracy”
War Guilt
A clause in the Versailles treaty, putting blame for starting the war only on Germany
Territorial losses post-WWI
Germany lost tons of land, as did the ottomans. Poland and Czechoslovakia were created, German colonies were turned into mandates, administered by the League of Nations. Russia also gave land to Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania
The League of Nations
One of Wilson’s 14 points; a forum of nations. Executive council: us, Britain, France, Italy, Japan, (not Russia!). They had no pwower to enforce their decisions, so failed.
The mandate system (post-WWI)
Organized some territories into trusteeships, violated promises made to Arabs and zionists abt their land
Turkish Republic
Created when Mustafa Kemal (“Ataturk”) opposed the mandate system in 1923
Revolution of 1905
A revolution in Russia after they lost the Russo/Japenese war. Lenin was the leader, and he argued for democratic centralism. It resulted in his exile to Switzerland, and the Tsar taking an elected parliament called the Duma
Duma
Tsar Nicholas II’s elected parliament following the revolution of 1905
Democratic centralism
A system in which one group leads everyone else(similar to republic)
Bolsheviks
Followers of Lenin
Lenin
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, a political leader in Russia
A soviet
A council of workers
Alexander Kerensky
He was in power for a bit after Tsar Nicholas II abdicated the throne. He was overthrown by Lenin in 1917
Russian Civil war
1918-21. Lenin was victorious thanks to his army
Leon Trotsky’s “Red Army”
Leon Trotsky was Lenin’s right hand man, lead the powerful army against Britain france and Japan’s troops that they sent to contain Russia(also helped w the civil war)
New Economic Policy
The state made economy (in Russia). Instituted after lenin’s takeover/ USSR
Revolution of 1911
In China, got rid of the last emperor. Was caused by Chinese men having western education and enlightenment thinking but the Chinese regime being not.
Sun yat-sen
The leader of the Chinese revolution of 1911
Guomindang
The Chinese “National People’s Party” during Sun Yat-Sen’s reign.
Chiang Kai-Shek
Rose to power after Sun Yat-sen’s death in 1925. Became a dictator, tried to kill Mao Zedong, the leader of the Chinese Communist Party. Then WWII happened.
The Long March
When Chiang Kai-shek chased Mao Zedong 1934-36, trying to kill him
Weimar Republic
The German government after WWI, where they tried to copy Russia. They failed, and had a really hard time paying reparations to France, England, U.S. Asked for a moratorium, France responded by occupying
New York Stock Exchange faltered in…
1929
Protectionism
Each nation protected themselves at the expense of world economic growth
Farming and the Great Depression?
During the war, Europe basically did no farming so everybody else increased production. Once the war was over, Europe returned to farming and prices went way down.
Why did the depression become global?
The U.S market fell, they tried to call in loans from Britain, causes a crash there, and so on
Primary Producing Economies
Places that only exported one thing. Their economies died when the market for that one thing died.
Who wasn’t hurt that bad by the Great Depression?
Colonies, USSR, China
What did Herbert Hoover do in response to the depression?
Nothing. He waited for Adam Smith’s natural market upturn (lassaiz-faire)
What did FDR do in response to the depression?
The New Deal! Yay! Hoover dam! Work! Jobs!
Kulaks
Prosperous peasants who protested against Stalin’s collectivization of agriculture. He completely liquidated the social class, sent the people to labour camps.
Why did nations turn to fascism instead of communism?
Most nations were a bit freaked out by what happened with communism in Russia and China. Fascism emphasized being a nation, not individuals(but without of collectivization of communism)
Benito Mussolini
The Italian leader who rose to power in 1922. He liked fascism.
Adolf Hitler
Leader of the Nazi Party in Germany. He blamed the Jews for all of Germany’s problems, tried to raise the birth rate and emphasized aryan-ness
Kristallnacht
November 9, 1938: lots of violence against the Jews.
What was up with Japan before world war 2?
Their leadership became more authoritarian, they tried to take back some of the areas that they had lost to China. They attacked Manchuria in 1931
What was the trigger for WWII?
Hitler invaded Sudetenland, a German speaking part of Czechoslovakia in 1938. This resulted in the Munich Conference, the appeasement policy, and then Hitler continued to attack. Britain and France declared war.
Appeasement policy
A policy submitted by Neville Chamberlain at the Munich Conference. Basically “fine, you can have Sudetenland, just stop being so aggressive!”
Rome-Berlin axis
The alliance between Germany and Italy during WWII. It later became the tripartite pact when Japan joined.
Blitzkrieg
“Lighting war” used by the Germans in WWII. Fighter planes, then tanks, then infantry.
When did france fall to Germany? (WWII)
1940
When did hitler attack Russia?
1941(even though he signed a treaty in 1939)
Pearl Harbor
1941, killed lots of the U.S navy
Island hopping
A strategy that the U.S used to attack Japan; conquering islands one by one
