Chapter 20 Flashcards

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1
Q

Most Common pattern of distribution

A

clumped

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2
Q

Least common pattern of distribution

A

random

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3
Q

Factors affecting population growth

A

birth rate
death rate
immigration
emigration

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4
Q

population explosion

A

rapid increase in population that’s too fast to be contained

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5
Q

population crash

A

rapid decrease in population

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6
Q

Biotic Potential

A

the highest possible per capita growth rate

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7
Q

Lag phase

A

slow population growth due to few individuals able to reproduce

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8
Q

Exponential growth phase

A

(r)

rapid population growth due to much higher birth rate then death rate

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9
Q

Stationary Phase

A

birth and death rates are equal

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10
Q

Carrying Capacity

A

(k)

theoretical maximum sustainable population

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11
Q

Density Dependent Factors

A

biotic factors that limit the carrying capacity

predators, parasites, disease

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12
Q

Density Independent Factors

A

abiotic factors that limit carrying capacity

droughts, floods, fires

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13
Q

Environmental Resistance

A

total affect of all limiting factors (biotic and abiotic)

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14
Q

r Selected Strategies

A

species that produce close to their biotic potential

short life span
many offspring
affected by density independent factors

exp mouse

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15
Q

k Selected Strategies

A

populations which live close to their carrying capacity

larger
less offspring
affected by density dependent factors

elephant

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16
Q

Open populations

A

changes through immigration and emigration and birth/death rates

17
Q

Closed populations

A

only change through birth and death rates not immigration and emigration

18
Q

community

A

interacting populations within a given area

19
Q

Intraspecific competition

A

competition within a species for resources

affected by density dependent factors

20
Q

Interspecific competition

A

competition btw species for resources

includes invasive species

21
Q

Competitive exclusions principle

A

no two species can occupy the same niche n a community

22
Q

Defences Against Consumers

A

poor taste like poison
physical protection like thorns
protective camouflage

23
Q

Batesian Mimicry

A

harmless animals evolve to look like harmful ones

24
Q

Mullerian Mimicry

A

2 harmfully animals evolve to look like each other

25
Q

Symbiosis

A

relationship between two species

26
Q

mutualism

A

both species benefit

27
Q

commensalism

A

one benefits and the other isn’t harmed

28
Q

parasitism

A

one benefits and the host is harmed

29
Q

succesion

A

change in an ecosystem over time

driven by abiotic and biotic factors

30
Q

Primary Succession

A

begins where no soil is present to begin with, takes a long time

pioneer community are the first organisms to populate this area

climax community: the stable community the eventually developed

31
Q

Secondary Succession

A

begins when soil is present but the old community has been destroyed, occurs faster the primary succession

includes pioneer species and the climax community

32
Q

Age pyramids

A

triangle: rapid population growth
rectangle: stable population
inverted triangle: decreasing population