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Biology 30-1 > Chapter 16.1 & 16.2 > Flashcards

Chapter 16.1 & 16.2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Homologous chromosomes / autosomal pairs

A

paired of chromosomes (22 in humans)

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2
Q

Sister chromatids

A

produced from homologous chromosomes replicating

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3
Q

centromere

A

the centre part that connects the chromatids

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4
Q

Locus

A

location on chromosomes where genes are located

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5
Q

Karyotypes

A

picture of all chromosomes in a cell paired up in homologous chromosomes based length, pattern, location of centromere (lined up longest to shortest with sex chromosomes on the end)

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6
Q

Analogous pairs / allosomes

A

x and y sex chromosomes

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7
Q

Interphase + parts

A

growth phase/ prepare for division

growth 1 phase- immediately follows cell division, rapid cell growth, almost half of cel cycle

Synthesis phase- DNA synthesis /replication, sister chromatids produced

growth 2 phase- replenish energy after DNA replication, organelles replicate, chromosomes condense

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8
Q

Cell Division / M Stage

A

mitosis and cytokinesis- two new daughter cells form with identical genetic info

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9
Q

Mitosis

A

occurs in somatic cells, produces two daughter cells, its haploid

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10
Q

Prophase

A

cell contains 92 chromatids, chromatin condenses into chromosomes, 4 centrioles migrate towards poles of cell, spindle fibres form apparatus btw centrioles

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11
Q

Metaphase

A

spindle fibres attach to centromere, star chromatids are lined up along metaphase plate at the equator of the cell

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12
Q

Anaphase

A

centromeres split, sister chromatids separate/move towards the poles, microtubules attached to chromatids shorten, others elongate, cells elongates, diploid set of chromosomes at each poles

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13
Q

Telophase

A

chromatids at reach pole and chromosomes disappear, spindle fibres break down, nuclear membrane + nucleolus

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14
Q

Cytokinesis

A

division of the cytoplasm int o2 daughter cells

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15
Q

Gametes

A

sex cells

divide during meiosis and are haploid

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16
Q

Somatic Cells

A

body cells

divide during mitosis and are diploid

17
Q

Ploidy

A

more than two pairs of chromosomes

18
Q

Chromatin

A

loose unravelled DNA strands (not packed into chromosomes)

19
Q

Histones

A

the protein chromatin wraps around to make chromosomes

20
Q

Monosomy

A

a chromosomes is missing from a homologous pair

21
Q

Trisomy

A

an extra chromosome is present in a homologous pair

22
Q

Diploid

A

paired chromosomes 2n=46 pairs chromosomes

23
Q

Haploid

A

single set of chromosomes n=23

Biology 30-1 (9 decks)

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