Chapter 11 Flashcards
Cerebrum
Interprets sensory input and initiates voluntary muscular responses. (Kaindl, 2020)
Thalamus
Directs impulses to different parts of the brain. (Kaindl, 2020)
Corpus Callosum
Transmittes motor, sensory, and cognitive information between the left and right hemispheres of the brain.
(Corpus Callosum, 2020)
Hypothalamus
Controls the pituitary gland and nerve signals to maintain homeostasis. (Kaindl, 2020)
Pons
Connects the left and right neurons in the cerebrum, cerebellum, and the rest of the brain.
Cerebellum
Controls conscious and unconscious motor movements and coordination.
Spinal Cord
Connects the peripheral nervous system to the brain.
31 pairs of nerves
Pituitary Gland
Controls hormones and sends messages to other glands to create hormones.
Medulla Oblongata
Controls involuntary responses such as breathing and heart rate. (Kaindl, 2020)
Meninges (Dura Mater)
Prevents blood and toxins from flowing into the central nervous systems cells. (Kaindl, 2020)
Midbrain
Relays sight and sound information between the hindbrain and forebrain. (Kaindl, 2020)
Ventricles
Cavity that produces and stores cerebral spinal fluid which nourishes the cells of the central nervous system and cushions the brain. (Kaindl, 2020)
Brainstem
Regulates involuntary actions such as breathing and heart rate.
(Lorenzo Crumbie, 2020)
Occipital Lobe
Responsible for visual recognition and vision. (Kaindl, 2020)
Frontal Lobe
Controls memory, intelligence, conscious thought, emotions, voluntary muscle movement, and personality. Contains the Broca’s Area which controls the motor area for speech. (Kaindl, 2020)
Temporal Lobe
Processes auditory information from the ears. Contains Wernick’s Area which controls comprehending and understanding speech. (Kaindl, 2020)
Parietal Lobe
Processes information about the body’s position and receives sensory information from the skin. (Kaindl, 2020)
Dendrites
carries impulses towards the cell body
Cell Body
recieves input from dendrites and relays it to the axons
cite of cells metabolism
Axons
carry impulses away from the cell body
Myelin Sheath
speeds nerve impulse transmissions, helps protects the neutrons, and prevents the loss of Na+ and K+ ions from the nerve cell
Node of Ranvier
the impulse jumps from one node to the other
Axon Terminals
communicate with other neutrons through releasing neurotransmitters to receptors of other neutrons
Pathway of the nerve Impulse
sensory receptor sensory neuron interneuron motor neuron effector
Sensory Neurons
carry impulses from the sensory receptor to the CNS
Interneurons
process and integrate information from the sensory neuron
Motor Neuron
carry information from the CNS to the effectors
The synapse
connection btw two neutrons
Synaptic Cleft
space btw the axon end of one neutron and the dendrite of another
Pre synaptic cleft
the membrane the impulse travels to before the synapse
at the axon end
Post synaptic cleft
the membrane the impulse is travelling to across the synapse at the other neutrons dendrite
CNS
contains the brain and spinal cord
coordinates messages received from and sent to nerves
PNS
Sensory pathway in th the CNS
motor pathway out of the CNS
Glial cells
provide structural support for the nervous system tissue
How neurons work
receptor sensory neuron interneuron motor neuron effector
neurolemma
helps regenerate damaged axons in the PNS
Reflex
rapid, predictable, involuntary response to stimuli
reflex arc
neuron pathway for reflex actions
stimulus, sensory receptor, spinal cord/interneurons, effectors
Somatic system
voluntary control (skeletal muscles)
Automatic system
involuntary control (hypothalamus and medulla oblongata) detects and maintains homeostasis
divided into two parts sympathetic ns and parasympathetic ns
Sympathetic NS
fight or flight response
Parasympathetic NS
rest and digest response
