Chapter 20

Question 1

End-blown woodwind instrument with a whistle mouthpiece, generally associated with early music.

Answer 1

recorder

Question 2

Plucked-string instrument of Middle Eastern origin, popular in western Europe from the late Middle Ages to the eighteenth century.

Answer 2

lute

Question 3

Medieval bowed-string instrument, often with a pear-shaped body.

Answer 3

rebec

Question 4

Early brass instrument, ancestor of the trombone.

Answer 4

sackbut

Question 5

Early instrument of the brass family with woodwind-like finger holes; developed from the cow horn but was made of wood.

Answer 5

cornetto

Question 6

Cylindrical medieval drum.

Answer 6

tabor

Question 7

Stately Renaissance court dance in duple meter.

Answer 7

pavane

Question 8

Musical form in which the first section recurs several times, usually in the tonic. In the Classical multimovement cycle, it appears as the last movement in various forms, such as A-B-A-B-A, A-B-A-C-A, and A-B-A-C-A-B-A.

Answer 8

rondo

Question 9

Melodic decoration, either improvised or indicated through ornamentation signs in the music.

Answer 9

embellishment

Question 10

Throughout the Western tradition, ______ music has both driven expressive change and been accused of fostering social disruption

Answer 10

dance

Question 11

_____ music first flourished in conjunction with dance, since the varied layers of _____ sound gave the opportunity for creative interpretation through movement

Answer 11

Instrumental; wordless

Question 12

In early times, instrumental music was largely an ____ tradition that relied on the _____ skills of players

Answer 12

oral; improvisation

Question 13

Much of our knowledge of the instruments and performing practice comes from ______ and ______ documents rather than notated music

Answer 13

artworks; historical

Question 14

Instruments- besides being grouped into strings, woodwinds, brass, percussion, keyboard like today- were categorized as soft (____, or _____) and loud (____, or _____) according to their use

Answer 14

bas, indoor

haut, outdoor

Question 15

Among the most common soft instruments were the _____, an end-blown flute with a breathy tone. the _____, a plucked-string instrument of Middle Eastern origin; and various bowed-string instruments, including the ____

Answer 15

recorder; lute; rebec

Question 16

The loud instruments, played mainly for _____ or outdoor processions, included the _____, a nasal-sounding ancestor of the oboe (also Middle Eastern origin); the ____ an early version of the trombone; and the _____ a wooden instrument with finger holes like a recorder but a cup shaped mouthpiece

Answer 16

shawm; sackbut; cornetto

Question 17

Loud instruments made up the ____ ____ ___, a group of three to five players found in most urban centers; it was often accompanied by percussion instruments, including the _____ (a cylindrical drum) and _____ (small hand drums played in pairs)

Answer 17

civic wind band; tabor; nakers

Question 18

Other brass instruments such as _____ were used to heighten the grandeur during ceremonial processions and were also sounded in warfare to frighten or confuse the enemy or to signal across the battlefield

Answer 18

trumpets

Question 19

Because of their construction and the fact that they played fanfares and other simple combinations of sounds rather than melodies, ______ served mostly as sonic reinforcement at public events, and were integrated into the orchestra only from the later 1600s

Answer 19

trumpet

Question 20

Our first notated record of _____ music comes from a mere handful of dances in late medieval manuscripts

Answer 20

instrumental

Question 21

With the advent of music printing in the 16th century, books of _____ music became readily available for _____ and ______ players alike

Answer 21

dance; amateur, professional

Question 22

Publications of dance books included a wide variety of dance types, ranging from the slow and stately ______ to the showy, fast-paced ______ to the group-oriented ______, a circle or line dance.

Answer 22

pavane; saltarello; ronde

Question 23

In dancing, because _____ were not yet specified, there was much flexibility in performance, based on the occasion and what was on hand

Answer 23

instruments

Question 24

Books describing the latest and most fashionable _____ were published during this time, so it is easy to see what pattern of movement were considered most attractive and trendy for people to try while musicians played

Answer 24

dances

Question 25

One of the most popular dance collections of the sixteenth century was published in _____ (modern-day Belgium) in 1551 by ______ _____, a well known printer and musician

Answer 25

Antwerp; Tielman Susato

Question 26

Susato was a musical jack-of-all trades; he composed and arranged different styles of _____ and ____ works, and unlike modern musicians who generally specialize on a particular instrument, he played virtually all ____ and _____ of his day

Answer 26

secular and sacred; brass and woodwind

Question 27

Susato was a member of _____ _____ _____ in an esteemed group of five instrumentalists who performed regular town concerts as well as for _____ (or parades) held on religious occasions and for the entertainment of visiting ______

Answer 27

Antwerp city band; processions; dignitaries

Question 28

Susato and Antwerp city band — did not exclusively rely on _____ music; they were expert ______, able to turn a simple dance into an intricate, masterful work

Answer 28

secular; improvisers

Question 29

Susato’s collection, called _______, features a variety fo popular dance types, including a set of three _____

Answer 29

Danserye, rondes

Question 30

Although originally a country dance, the _____ made its way to the city and to the courts of the nobility

Answer 30

ronde

Question 31

Recording of Danserye features loud, civic-style ______ _______.

Answer 31

Wind band

Question 32

Repeated dance sections allowed musicians to improvise _______ or melodic decorations as they saw fit, and performers of the Danserye follow this custom making sure that the sound is enriched and varied through the different combinations of _______

Answer 32

Embellishments; instruments

Question 33

Danserye by Susato: _____ flow from one to another. A final ______ brings the gaiety to a close with all the players _____ to each other

Answer 33

Dances; chord; bowing

Question 34

Through dance pieces like Danserye, Renaissance composers began to explore the possibilities of purely _______ form, beginning a tradition of finding new ways sounds can move us both _______ and _______ when words don’t “get in the way”

Answer 34

Instrumental; physically, emotionally

Question 35

In Susato: Three Dances, the melody has prominent ______ and short ______

Answer 35

Tunes; phrases

Question 36

Susato: Three Dances, the rhythm and meter is a _____ _____ _____

Answer 36

Lively duple meter

Question 37

Susato: Three Dances: the harmony is full _____, ______, ronde 2 is ______

Answer 37

Chords, consonant, modal

Question 38

Susato: Three Dances: texture is mostly _______

Answer 38

homophonic

Question 39

Susato: Three Dances: the form is three ______ form dances (each ______)

Answer 39

Binary; A-A-B-B

Question 40

Susato: Three Dances: expression: occasional ________

Answer 40

embellishments

Question 41

Susato: Three Dance: performing forces include a ______-part instrumental group. A loud _____ band including _____ ,_______ ,______ ,______ ,______, ______

Answer 41

four; wind; shawm, cornetto, sackbut, tabor, dulcian (early bassoon), and tambourine