Chapter 20 Flashcards
End-blown woodwind instrument with a whistle mouthpiece, generally associated with early music.
recorder
Plucked-string instrument of Middle Eastern origin, popular in western Europe from the late Middle Ages to the eighteenth century.
lute
Medieval bowed-string instrument, often with a pear-shaped body.
rebec
Early brass instrument, ancestor of the trombone.
sackbut
Early instrument of the brass family with woodwind-like finger holes; developed from the cow horn but was made of wood.
cornetto
Cylindrical medieval drum.
tabor
Stately Renaissance court dance in duple meter.
pavane
Musical form in which the first section recurs several times, usually in the tonic. In the Classical multimovement cycle, it appears as the last movement in various forms, such as A-B-A-B-A, A-B-A-C-A, and A-B-A-C-A-B-A.
rondo
Melodic decoration, either improvised or indicated through ornamentation signs in the music.
embellishment
Throughout the Western tradition, ______ music has both driven expressive change and been accused of fostering social disruption
dance
_____ music first flourished in conjunction with dance, since the varied layers of _____ sound gave the opportunity for creative interpretation through movement
Instrumental; wordless
In early times, instrumental music was largely an ____ tradition that relied on the _____ skills of players
oral; improvisation
Much of our knowledge of the instruments and performing practice comes from ______ and ______ documents rather than notated music
artworks; historical
Instruments- besides being grouped into strings, woodwinds, brass, percussion, keyboard like today- were categorized as soft (____, or _____) and loud (____, or _____) according to their use
bas, indoor
haut, outdoor
Among the most common soft instruments were the _____, an end-blown flute with a breathy tone. the _____, a plucked-string instrument of Middle Eastern origin; and various bowed-string instruments, including the ____
recorder; lute; rebec
The loud instruments, played mainly for _____ or outdoor processions, included the _____, a nasal-sounding ancestor of the oboe (also Middle Eastern origin); the ____ an early version of the trombone; and the _____ a wooden instrument with finger holes like a recorder but a cup shaped mouthpiece
shawm; sackbut; cornetto
Loud instruments made up the ____ ____ ___, a group of three to five players found in most urban centers; it was often accompanied by percussion instruments, including the _____ (a cylindrical drum) and _____ (small hand drums played in pairs)
civic wind band; tabor; nakers
Other brass instruments such as _____ were used to heighten the grandeur during ceremonial processions and were also sounded in warfare to frighten or confuse the enemy or to signal across the battlefield
trumpets
Because of their construction and the fact that they played fanfares and other simple combinations of sounds rather than melodies, ______ served mostly as sonic reinforcement at public events, and were integrated into the orchestra only from the later 1600s
trumpet
Our first notated record of _____ music comes from a mere handful of dances in late medieval manuscripts
instrumental
With the advent of music printing in the 16th century, books of _____ music became readily available for _____ and ______ players alike
dance; amateur, professional
Publications of dance books included a wide variety of dance types, ranging from the slow and stately ______ to the showy, fast-paced ______ to the group-oriented ______, a circle or line dance.
pavane; saltarello; ronde
In dancing, because _____ were not yet specified, there was much flexibility in performance, based on the occasion and what was on hand
instruments
Books describing the latest and most fashionable _____ were published during this time, so it is easy to see what pattern of movement were considered most attractive and trendy for people to try while musicians played
dances
