Chapter 18 Flashcards
Choral music performed without instrumental accompaniment
a cappella
Melodic idea presented in one voice or part and then restated in another, each part continuing as others enter.
imitation
“Fixed melody,” usually of very long notes, often based on a fragment of Gregorian chant, that served as the structural basis for a polyphonic composition, particularly in the Renaissance.
cantus firmus
Polyphonic vocal genre, often secular in the Middle Ages but sacred or devotional thereafter.
motet
Texture in which all voices, or lines, move together in the same rhythm.
homorhythmic
Religious belief continued as a core aspect of identity in the Renaissance, even as the nature of that belief shifted to a more ____ connection the divine. This shift is most clearly reflected in the different artistic renditions of the ____ ____, on whom worshippers began to focus at this time.
personal; Virgin Mary
Medieval painting presented life through _____; the Renaissance preferred _____
symbolism; realism
Medieval painters posed their idealized figures _____, facing ____; Renaissance artists developed profile _____ and _____ their subjects
impersonally, frontally;; portraiture; humanized
_____ in medieval works was organized in a succession of ____ that the eye perceived as series of episodes, but Renaissance paints made it possible to see the _____ simultaneously
Space; planes
whole
Renaissance painters discovered the ____, created the illusion of _____, and focused on the ___ loveliness of the world. Echoing visual arts, musicians helped to reinforce and intensify this newly _____ approach to praise-through-beauty
landscape, distance, physical; personal
Leonardo da Vinci was a contemporary of composer ____ __ ___
Josquin des Prez
The Renaissance marks the passing of European society from a predominately ______ orientation to a more _____ one, and from an age of unquestioning ____ and mysticism to one of growing reliance on ____ and _____ inquiry
religious, secular; faith, reason, scientific
Renaissance: A new way of thinking centered on ____ issues and the ______. People gained confidence in their ability to solve their own problems and to order their world rationally, without relying on _____ or _____. This awakening, called _____, was inspired by the ancient cultures of _____ and _____, its writers and artworks
human, individual; tradition, religion; humanism; Greece, Rome
In attempting to reconcile the needs of the ____ with the primacy of the _____, musicians expanded their approaches to sung _____
individual; divine; worship
In addition to the monophonic Gregorian chant that defined Catholic prayer, music for church services included _____, ____, and _____ settings of the Mass.
These were normally multi____ and, especially in the early Renaissance era, based on _____ music. They were sung by _____ male singers trained from childhood in cathedral choir schools
hymns, motets, polyphonic; voiced, preexisting; professional
The vocal forms of Renaissance music were marked by smoothly gliding _____ conceived specially for the ____
melodies; voice
Sixteenth century has come to be regarded as the golden age of the ____ style (voices alone, without instrumental accompaniment
a cappella
Polyphony in a cappella works was based on the principle of _____: musical ideas are exchanged between vocal lines, the voices ____ one another so that a similar phrase is heard in different registers
imitations; imitating
Imitation is different from _____ in that the phrases sung by different voices in imitation are ____ but not ____
round; similar; identical
Result of imitation os a close-knit musical fabric capable of subtle and varied effects, in which each ____ participates equally in _____ prayer- a way to combine ____ action with ____ worship
voice; polyphonic; individual; collaborative
In the matter of harmony, Renaissance composers leaned toward fuller ____
They turned away from the open ____ (missing the third of a ____) and octaves preferred in medieval times to be the ‘sweeter” thirds and sixth. The use of ____ in sacred music was carefully controlled
chords; fifths, triad; dissonance
Polyphonic writing offers the composers many possibility, such as the use of a fixed melody (_____ _____) in one voice as the basis for elaborate ______ in the other voices
cantus firmus; ornamentation
____ meter had been especially attractive to the medieval mind because it symbolized the perfection of the ______. Renaissance composers, much less preoccupied with religious symbolism, showed a greater interest in ____ meter
tripe; Trinity ; duple
In the Renaissance, one of the most popular genres was the ____: a sacred work with a ___ text, for use in the Mass and other religious services
motet, Latin
The ability to combine ____ written texts of praise with prescribed prayer was part of the appeal of the motet for composers, who able to demonstrate their ____ creativity through choice of ____ as well as ____ invention
newly; individual; text; musical
Motets in praise of the ____ ____ were extremely popular because of the many religious groups all over Europe devoted to this, also because of the potential for the faithful to identify with the intimacy of the ____-____ relationship
Virgin Mary; mother-child
The preeminent composes of motets from the early Renaissance were from Northern Europe, in particular present-day ____ and northern ____. Among these composers, _____ ___ ____ was one of the great masters of sacred music
Belgium, France; Josquin des Prez
After spending his youth in Northern Europe, Joaquin was employed for much os his career in ____, at courts in Milan and Ferreara and in the papal choir in Rome. He absorbed the ____ values of balance and moderation, the sense of harmonious ____ and clear from, visible in paintings of the era. Toward the end of his life, he returned to native _____, where he served as a provost at the collegiate church of Conde
Italy; classical; proportion; France
Josquin appeared when the ____ influences of the Renaissance were being felt throughout Europe. His music is rich in _____, characterized by serenely beautiful ____ and expressive _____
humanizing; feeling; melodies; harmony
Josquin produced over 100 ___, at least 17 ____, many French _____ and Italian ____ songs
motets; Masses; chansons; secular
Ave Maria virgo Serena is a prime example of how ____ experimented with varied combinations of ____ and ____ to highlight different ____ aspects of the text
Josquin; voices, textures; emotional
Ave Maria virgo Serena:: In this ___-voice composition dedicated to the ____ ____, ____ voices engage in a dialogue with ___ voices; _____ textures alternate with _____ settings (in which all voices move together rhythmically)
four; Virgin Mary; high, low; imitative, homorhythmic
Ave Maria virgo Serena; Josquin opens the piece with a musical reference to a preexisting ____ for the ___ ___, but soon drops this melody in favor of a freely ____ form that is highly sensitive to the ____
chant; Virgin Mary; composed; text
Ave Maria virgo Serena: the equality and interdependence of the voices is highlighted by the frequent changes in the way the voices are _____, and the smaller groupings of ____ to ____ voices tend to build the full ____ at the ends of phrases
grouped, two to three, ensemble
Ave Maria virgo Serena: the final two lines of text, a personal ___ to the Virgin (“______”) is set in a simple ______ that emphasizes the ___, proclaiming the _____ spirit of a new age
plea; “O Mother of God, remember me”; texture; words; humanistic
Ave Maria virgo Serena (Hail Mary…..gentle Virgin) :The melody: ____ vs. ____ voices, singing in ____; opening phrase quotes a ____
high vs. low; pairs; chant
Ave Maria virgo Serena (Hail Mary…..gentle Virgin) : The rhythm/meter: ____ meter, with shift to ____, then back
duple; triple
Ave Maria virgo Serena (Hail Mary…..gentle Virgin) : Harmony: _____, hollow-sounding _____
consonant, cadences
Ave Maria virgo Serena (Hail Mary…..gentle Virgin) : Texture: _____ polyphony, with moments of _____
imitative, homorhyhtm
Ave Maria virgo Serena (Hail Mary…..gentle Virgin) : Form: ____ according to ____ of the poem (each begins “Ave”)
Sectional, strophes
Ave Maria virgo Serena (Hail Mary…..gentle Virgin) : Expression: Personal ____ from composer at the end
plea
Ave Maria virgo Serena (Hail Mary…..gentle Virgin) : Performing forces: ____-voice choir; _____
four-voice a cappella
Ave Maria virgo Serena (Hail Mary…..gentle Virgin) : Text: _____, _____ prayer to the Virgin Mary
rhymed, strophic
