Chapter 15 Flashcards

1
Q

Two or more melodic lines combined into a multivoiced texture, as distinct from monophonic.

A

polyphonic

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2
Q

Earliest kind of polyphonic music, which developed from the custom of adding voices above a plainchant; they first ran parallel to the chant at the interval of a fifth or fourth and later moved more freely.

A

organum

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3
Q

A fixed pattern of long and short notes that is repeated or varied is known as

A

a rhythmic mode

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4
Q

Composers from ________ were at the forefront of musical composition.

A

the Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris

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5
Q

Composers of organum based their pieces on

A

preexisting Gregorian chants.

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6
Q

Which term describes the texture of two or more melodies performed at the same time?

A

polyphony

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7
Q

The text setting of Gaude Maria virgo is

A

highly melismatic

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8
Q

Gaude Maria virgo is performed

A

a cappella.

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9
Q

Gaude Maria virgo is sung in

A

Latin

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10
Q

T/F: Musical notation of polyphony allowed for more detail and control over the musical texture.

A

True

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11
Q

Organum grew out of the improvisatory custom of

A

adding a second voice to a Gregorian melody.

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12
Q

Pérotin’s organum

A

increased the number of voices to three and then to four.

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13
Q

T/F: Polyphony was universally accepted in medieval religious communities.

A

False

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14
Q

T/F: Polyphony was utilized to enhance worship on the most significant feast days in the church year.

A

True

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15
Q

T/F: Singing polyphony required specialized singers.

A

True

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16
Q

The compilation of early polyphony is the

A

Great Book of Organum.

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17
Q

The earliest polyphonic music is called

A

organum.

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18
Q

T/F: The first type of polyphony was Gregorian chant.

A

False

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19
Q

The performance of Gaude Maria virgo is typical of the genre in that it is sung antiphonally. What does antiphonal mean?

A

a performance style that alternates between two groups

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20
Q

What was the single most important feature in the development of Western music?

A

polyphony

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21
Q

Which of the following is a true statement?

  • Léonin is the first composer of polyphonic music whose name we know.
  • Pérotin is the first composer of polyphonic music whose name we know.
  • Léonin and Pérotin were at the forefront of composition at St. Mark’s in Venice.
  • Anonymous IV is the first composer of polyphonic music whose name we know.
A

Léonin is the first composer of polyphonic music whose name we know.

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22
Q

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

  • Notated polyphony emerged at the end of the Renaissance.
  • Polyphonic music required a more exact notational system.
  • With the development of notation, music became more carefully planned and preserved.
  • European polyphony is distinctive because it was notated.
A

Notated polyphony emerged at the end of the Renaissance.

- it was end of Romanesque era

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23
Q

Which statement regarding polyphony in the Middle Ages is NOT true?

  • Some religious communities saw polyphony as a distraction.
  • Composers of polyphony were sometimes characterized as vain.
  • Polyphonic music became increasingly sought after.
  • Polyphonic music was sung by the church congregation.
A

Polyphonic music was sung by the church congregation.

- it required special singers

24
Q

Which voice in organum carries the original chant in sustained notes?

A

the lower voice

25
Who was Léonin’s successor?
Perotin
26
Who was the first leader of the Notre Dame School?
Leonin
27
______ is credited with compiling the Magnus liber organi.
Leonin
28
Early Polyphony | Single most important feature in the development of what?
Western music
29
European polyphony was distinctive because it was _____
notated
30
_____ music is the most straightforward kind, and many world traditions focus on a ____ melodic line in their songs
Monophonic; single
31
Other traditions cultivate greater _____ through the simultaneous sound of ____ musical lines. Like in ____ tradition
complexity; multiple; Western
32
Western tradition has become _____ - and popular throughout the globe - because of its potential for ____ complexity. The ability to create and coordinate -_____ lines is the mark of supreme musical craft and profession training
distinctive; layered; simultaneous
33
_____, or the combination two or more simultaneous lines, is the single most important feature in the development of ____ music
polyphony, Western
34
While ____ polyphony goes back many centuries, European polyphony is distinctive because it was _____, allowing for more detail and control over the musical ____
improvised; notated; texture
35
Notated polyphony began to emerge toward the end of the _____ era (850-1150)- around the same time notation itself became increasingly sophisticated on the European continent
Romanesque
36
With the development of notation, music expanded from an art of _____ and ____ tradition to one that was carefully planned and preserved
improvisation; oral
37
During the ___ era, which saw the rise of cathedrals, ______ composers came to be recognized
Gothic; individual
38
Composers, mostly ___ in religious communities, mastered the art of writing extended musical works in various _____ and ____
clerics; textures, forms
39
The earliest polyphonic music, called ____, grew out of the improvisatory custom of adding a second voice to a _____ melody at the internal of a ____ or ____.
organum; Gregorian; fifth, fourth
40
a polyphonic art blossomed in which the individual ____ moved with greater independence. In the forefront of this evolution were the composers centered at ____ ___ during the 12th and 13th century
voice; Notre Dame (in Paris)
41
Notre Dame's leader _____ is the first composer of polyphonic music whose name we know.
Leonin
42
Leonin, credited with compiling the _____ ____ ___ _____, music for the entire Church year, in this new musical style
Great Book of Organum
43
Leonin's successor, ____ expanded the dimensions of organum by increasing the number of ___ parts, first to ___ then to ___
Perotin, voice, three, four
44
To the medecal mind, the new had to be founded on the ____. Therefore, composers of organum based their pieces on preexisting _____ ____
old; Gregorian chants
45
Organum: While the ___ voice sang the fixed melody in extremely long notes, the ____ voice or voices sang a freely ____ part that moved rapidly above it. In this setting, the chant was no longer recognizable as a ____ by human ears, but (medieval singers reasoned) divine ears could still hear the prescribed ____
lower; upper; composed ; melody; prayer
46
In the organum, Gaude Maria virgo, the opening ____ section features two voices singing in _____ ____, a fixed pattern of long and short notes that is repeated or varies, over a sustained ___ voice taken from the ___ of the same name
polyphonic; rhythmic mode; bottom; chant
47
Gaude Maria virgo: the setting, in the style of ____ POSSIBLY by him, is highly ____, with many notes sung to each syllable of text, a prayer in praise of ____ ____.
Perotin; melismatic; Virgin Mary
48
Gaude Maria virgo: the form of this organum is typical in that it alternates _____ (sung by ____) and _____ chant (sung by the ____)
polyphony (soloist); monophonic (choir)
49
Not all religious communities welcomed _____: some saw it as a distraction from the simplicity and equality off communal singing of ____, since it required ____ singers and composers who were sometimes characterized as overly ____ about their music skills
polyphony; plainchant; specialized; vain
50
The magnificence and complexity of ____ music became increasingly sought after, since it was seen to enhance worship on the highest ____ days, like Easter. It became a mark of ___, both for the musicians who practiced it and for those who sponsored its innovations and expressive potential; and thus set the stage for the entire unfolding of the ____ musical tradition
polyphonic; feast; distinction; Western
51
Notre Dame School: Gaude Maria virgo (Rejoice, Virgin Mary): Melody: ___, ___ ideas exchanged between the ____ voices
short, repeated; upper
52
Notre Dame School: Gaude Maria virgo (Rejoice, Virgin Mary): Rhythm/meter: simple patterns of ___ ____ ____ ___ in ___ voices over the ____-moving ____ voice (____)
long-short-long-short; upper; slow; bottom (tenor)
53
Notre Dame School: Gaude Maria virgo (Rejoice, Virgin Mary): harmony: open, hollow-sounding _____ on the intervals of ___ and ___
cadences; fifths, octaves
54
Notre Dame School: Gaude Maria virgo (Rejoice, Virgin Mary): Texture: ___-part ____; alternating with _____ ____
three; polyphony; monophonic; chant
55
Notre Dame School: Gaude Maria virgo (Rejoice, Virgin Mary): Expression: The opening words "Gaude Maria: are drawn out in a ____ ____ setting
long melismatic
56
Notre Dame School: Gaude Maria virgo (Rejoice, Virgin Mary): performing forces: _____, _____ sing ___, ____ sings ____
a cappella; soloist, organum; choir, chant
57
Notre Dame School: Gaude Maria virgo (Rejoice, Virgin Mary): text: ____ in praise of ____ ____
prayer, Virgin Mary