Chapter 16 Flashcards
Medieval poet-musicians in southern France.
troubadours
Medieval poet-musicians in northern France.
trouvères
French monophonic or polyphonic song, especially of the Middle Ages and Renaissance, set to either courtly or popular poetry.
chanson
Musical form in which the first section recurs several times, usually in the tonic. In the Classical multimovement cycle, it appears as the last movement in various forms, such as A-B-A-B-A, A-B-A-C-A, and A-B-A-C-A-B-A.
rondo
A form of English street song, popular from the sixteenth through the eighteenth centuries. characterized by narrative content and strophic form.
ballad
In the Western tradition, music has been linked with _____ and ___ since antiquity
mathematics, geometry
Ancient Greek mathematician _____ was renowned for his musical experiments
Pythagoras
In medieval times, the four topics (_____) considered essential to education were ____, ____, ____, and ____
Quadrivium; music, mathematics, geometry, astronomy
Musicians have remained involved in exploring the ____ or ____ implications of their art and conveying ____ through sound
mathematical, geometrical; puzzles
Alongside the learned music of the cathedrals and choir schools grew a popular repertory of _____ and ____ that reflected every aspect of medieval life
songs, dances
Some musicians lived on the fringe of society, wandering among the _____ and ____ and entertaining audiences with their songs, dancing, juggling, and tricks
courts and towns
On a higher social level were the ____-____ who flourished at the various ____ of Europe. Those in the south of France were known as ______, while those in northern France were _____ - both terms mean “_____” or “_____”
poet-musicians; courts; troubadours; trouveres; “finders”, “inventors”
Aristocratic musicians wrote ____ with ____ that ranged from ____ songs and ____ to _____ and ____ ditties and chronicles of _____
poetry with music, love, laments. political, moral, Crusades
Medieval lyrics dealt with unrequited, or unconsummated, _____, idealizing the unobtainable object. At first these songs were _____, but the _____ developments in sacred music soon carried over to the ____ realm, as we will hear in the works of _____ _ ____, whose music bridges the tradition of the _____ and a new creative sensibility
passion; monophonic; polyphonic; secular; Guillame de Machuat; trouveres
Extending over some 200 years from 1095 to 1291, the ___ were a series of religious wars waged by Western Europeans to win back the Holy Land of Palestine from the Muslim, at once were the violent episodes in recorded history and one of the most influential forces on medieval _____
Crusades; Europe
Crusades: the movement of vast armies across the European Continent created increased ____ along routes, and allowed westerns to gain more knowledge of the world and other ways of life through their contact with Islam.
trade
Crusades: The crusading knights learned from expert ____ skills of the Turkish and Morrish warriors, the advanced ____ and ____ knowledge of the Arab world was imported to Europe. The Arab ____ system was adopted in the West
military; medical, scientific; number
Musicians who traveled eastward with crusading armies brought ____, ____ ideas, and ______ of all types back to their homeland
music, theoretical, instruments
The medieval ____, a small bowed-string instrument that was a forerunner of the modern violin, derived from the Arba rabbi and the loud, double-reed ____, the predecessor of the modern boa, was a military instrument used by Turkish armies. Many of out orchestral percussion instruments stem from Turkish models as well, including _____, ____, and ____ ____.
rebec; shawm; cymbals, bells, and bass drum
Crusaders heard the sounds of the Muslim military ____ and ___ and soon adopted these as their call to battle. The foundation of our Western system of early ____ (____) also came from Eastern theoretical systems
trumpets, drums; scales (modes)
Crusades: an aura of ____ and ____. Stories of knightly ____ and chivalric ____
romance, mystery; courage, love
European contacts with Eastern cultures, along with developments in feudal ___ structure; inspired new concepts of life, art, and beauty. These changes were reflected in the musical style known as ____ ___ (new art), which appeared in the early 1300s in France, and soon thereafter in Italy
Ars nova
The music of the French ___ ___, more refined and complex than music of the ____ _____ (old art), which it displaced, ushered in developments of ____, _____, _____, and ____ that transformed the art of music
Ars nova; ars antiqua; rhythm, meter, harmony, counterpoint
Writers like Petrarch, Boccaccio, and Chaucer were turning from otherworldly ideals to human subjects; painters soon discovered the beauty of nature and attractiveness of the human form; Similarly, composers like the French master _____ turned increasingly from ____ to ____ themes
Machaut; religious, secular
