Chapter 20 Flashcards
greatest statesman of the popes
Gregory VII
given name, Hildebrand
Gregory VII
body of all cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church
college of cardinals
elects the pope
college of cardinals
advises the pope on church affairs
college of cardinals
Holy Roman emperor; before that, king of Germany from the age of 6
Henry IV
“I have loved justice and hated iniquity, therefore I die in exile
Pope Gregory VII
to remove from office or a throne
depose
to relieve from an obligation; to grant pardon
absolve
official rebuke
censure
Describe Gregory’s diplomatic and political activities in the Church.
Gregory undertook a series of diplomatic missions to France and Germany. He was the deciding influence in several papal elections. He was responsible for the two most important papal transactions of the time, entrusting the election of popes to the colleg of cardinals and negotiating an alliance with the Normans.
Identify the location on the map.
Normandy
Identify the location on the map.
Hastings
Identify the location on the map.
London
Find Normandy.
Find Hastings.
Find London.
duke of Normandy; conquered England in 1066 AD
William the Conqueror
son of Earl Godwin
Harold Godwinson
successor of Edward the Confessor
Harold Godwinson
defeated by William
Harold Godwinson
father of Harold
Earl Godwin
William takes the throne of England
battle of Hastings
pivotal date in English history; introduction of Norman French language, laws, culture
battle of Hastings
inventory of England’s estates ordered by William
Domesday Book
from French couvre feu, “cover fire”
curfew
“I live! I live! Fight on! We shall conquer yet!”
William the Conqueror
fortification made of timbers or posts
stockade
Date of the battle of Hastings
1066
Why is the battle of Hastings so important to English history?
William’s victory initiated 150 years of Norman rule in England. This had a profound effect ont he English language, court, laws, culture, cities and towns, and so on.
Saxon king of England after the Danish period
Edward the Confessor
assisted in Macbeth’s downfall; helped the church
Edward the Confessor
leader of Norwegian pirates defeated by the English
Kerdric
king of Scotland; killed by Macbeth
Duncan
Duncan’s son
Malcolm
drove Macbeth out and retook throne
Malcolm
Scottish nobelman; killed Duncan to take throne
Macbeth
famous play by Shakespeare
Macbeth
great church of London
Westminster Abbey
rebuilt by Edward
Westminster Abbey
“Life’s but a walking shadow, a poor player
That struts and frets his hour upon the stage”
Macbeth
“I will not yield, to kiss the ground before young Malcolm’s feet.”
Macbeth
How was Edward important to the development of Christianity in England?
As well as being himself an example of a just and pious ruler, he built many churches and monasteries around England and rebuilt the famous Westminster Abbey.
the leper who appeared to Rodrigo in a vision
St. Lazarus
El Cid
Rodrigo Diaz de Bivar
El Campeador
Rodrigo Diaz de Bivar
defeated the Moors at Valencia
Rodrigo Diaz de Bivar
the constituent kingdoms of Spain in the Middle Ages
Castile, Leon, Aragon
king of Castile; chose El Cid to do single combat with the champion of Aragon
Fernando of Castile
son and successor of Fernando
Alfonzo
Identify the location on the map.
Scotland
Identify the location on the map.
London
Identify the location on the map.
North Sea
Find Scotland.
Find London.
Find the North Sea.
Identify the location on the map.
Morocco
Identify the location on the map.
Guadalquiver River
Find Morocco.
Find the Guadalquiver River
banished El Cid
Alfonzo
named for the Roman Emperor Augustus; it is a corruption of the words “Caesar Augustus”
Saragossa
“Because I have breathed upon thee, thow shalr accomplish whatever thow shalt undertake in peace or in battle.”
St. Lazarus
to defeat in battle
vanquish
to rush out from a fortified position
sally
Describe Rodrigo’s vision at the inn and its predictionsgo was
During the night, Rodrigo was awakened by breath on his back. The leper was gone, but the vision of St. Lazarus appeared, predicting that Rodrigo would accomplish whatever he attempted in peace or battle.
