Chapter 2 Vocab Flashcards
the basic unit of matter
atom
in cells, structure that contains the cell’s genetic material in the form of DNA
nucleus
negatively charged particle; located in the space surrounding the nucleus
electron
pure substance that consists entirely of 1 type of atom
element
1 of several forms of a single element, which contains the same # of protons but differerent #’s of neutrons
isotope
substance formed by the chemical combination of 2 or more elements in definite proportions
compound
chemical bond formed when 1 or more electrons are transferred from 1 atom to another
ionic bond
atom that has a + or – charge
ion
type of bond between atoms in which the electrons are shared
covalent bond
smallest unit of most compounds that displays all the properties of that compound
molecule
slight attraction that develops between oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules
van der waals forces
weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom
hydrogen bond
attraction between molecules of the same substance
cohesion
force of attraction between different kinds of molecules
adhesion
material composed of 2 or more elements/compounds that are physically mixed together, but not chemically combined
mixture
type of mixture in which all the compounds are evenly distributed
solution
substance that is dissolved in a solution
solute
dissolving substance in a solution
solvent
mixture of water and nondissolved material
suspension
scale with values from 0-14 used to measure the concentration of H+ ions in a solution; pH of 0-7= acidic, 7 is neutral, and 7-14= basic
pH scale
a compound that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; a solution with a pH of less than 7
acid
a compound that forms hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution; a solution with a pH of more than 7
base
a compound that prevents sharp, sudden changes in pH
buffer
amount of energy needed to raise a substance’s temperature by making its molecules move faster
heat capacity
small chemical unit that makes up a polymer
monomer
molecules composed of many monomers; makes up macromolecules
polymer
compound made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; type of nutrient that is the major source of energy for the body
carbohydrate
macromolecule made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils and waxes
lipid
subunit of which nucleic acids are composed; made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
nucleotide
macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus
nucleic acid
macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair
protein
compound with an amino group on 1 end and a carbon group on the other end
amino acid
process that changes/transforms 1 set of chemicals into another set of chemicals
chemical reaction
elements/compounds that enter into a chemical reaction
reactant
elements/compounds produced by a chemical reaction
product
energy that is needed to get a reaction started
activation energy
substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction
catalyst
protein catalyst that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction
enzyme
reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction
substrate
