Chapter 12 (1-3) Vocab Flashcards
Scientific study of heredity
Genetics
process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell
Fertilization
specific characteristic of an individual
trait
Offspring of crosses between parents with different traits
hybrid
sequence of DNA that codes for a protein, and thus determines a trait; factor that is passed from parent to offspring
gene
One of a number of different forms of a gene
allele
Mendel’s second conclusion: some alleles are dominant, and others are recessive
Principle of dominance
separation of a alleles during gamete formation
Segregation
sex cell
gamete
Likelihood that a particular event will occur
Probability
having 2 identical alleles for a particular gene
homozygous
having two different alleles for a particular gene
Heterozygous
Physical characteristics of an organism
Phenotype
genetic makeup of an organism
Genotype
Diagram that can be used to predict the genotype and phenotype combinations of a genetic cross
Punnet square
One of Mendel’s principles that states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during formation of gametes
Independent assortment
Situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another allele
Incomplete dominance
situation in which the phenotypes produced by both alleles are completely completely expressed
codominance
A gene with more than two alleles
Multiple alleles
trait controlled by two or more genes
Polygenic trait
