ch 14 vocab

Question 1

Single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose

Answer 1

RNA

Question 2

carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell

Answer 2

messenger RNA

Question 3

Combines with proteins to form ribosomes

Answer 3

Ribosomal RNA

Question 4

Carries each amino acid to a ribosome during protein synthesis

Answer 4

Transfer RNA

Question 5

Synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template

Answer 5

Transcription

Question 6

Enzyme that links together, the growing chain of RNA nucleotides during transcription using a DNA strand as a template

Answer 6

RNA polymerase

Question 7

Specific region of a gene where RNA polymerase can bind and begin transcription

Answer 7

Promoter

Question 8

Sequence of DNA that is not involved in coding for a protein

Answer 8

intron

Question 9

expressed sequence of DNA; codes for a protein

Answer 9

exon

Question 10

Long chain of amino acids that makes proteins

Answer 10

Polypeptide

Question 11

Collection of codons of mRNA, each of which directs the incorporation of a particular amino acid into a protein during protein synthesis

Answer 11

Genetic code

Question 12

Group of three nucleotide bases in mRNA, that specify a particular acid to be incorporated onto a protein

Answer 12

codon

Question 13

Process by which the sequence of bases of an mRNA is converted into the sequence of amino acids of a protein

Answer 13

Translation

Question 14

Group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to the three bases of a codon of mRNA

Answer 14

Anticodon

Question 15

in prokaryotes, a group of adjacent genes that shares a common operator and promoter and are transcribed into a single mRNA

Answer 15

Operon

Question 16

Short DNA region, adjacent to the promoter of a prokaryotic operon, that binds repressor proteins, responsible for controlling the rate of transcription of the operon

Answer 16

Operator

Question 17

Process in which cells becomes specialized in structure and function

Answer 17

Differentiation

Question 18

Class of regulatory genes that determine the identity of body parts and regions in an animal embryo. Mutations in these genes can transform one body part into another.

Answer 18

Homeotic gene

Question 19

genes that code for transcription factors that activate other genes that are important and cell development and differentiation

Answer 19

homeobox gene

Question 20

Group of homeotic genes clustered together that determine the head to tail identity of body parts and animals. All genes contain the homeobox DNA sequence.

Answer 20

hox gene

Question 21

Change in the genetic material of a cell

Answer 21

mutation

Question 22

Gene mutation in which a single base pair in DNA has been changed

Answer 22

Point mutation

Question 23

Mutation that shifts the reading frame of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide

Answer 23

Frameshift mutation

Question 24

Chemical or physical gene agents in the environment that interact with DNA and may cause a mutation

Answer 24

mutagen

Question 25

Condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes

Answer 25

polyploidy