Chapter 2 - Trends and the Periodic Table Flashcards
define core charge
the amount of positive atoms pulling the valence electrons towards the nucleus. calculated by atomic number-inner shell electron number
define electronegativity
refers to the ability an atom has to attract another electron from another atom in a chemical bond
define 1st ionisation energy
the amount of energy needed to take one electron away from an element and therefore create a +1 ion.
define shielding
the shielding effect refers to the attraction of a valence electron to the nucleus of an atom where more than one shell is present. the more inner shells there are, the more attraction they block from the valence electrons to the nucleus.
define metallic character
the likelihood of an atom having electrons taken away from it. (classification of a metal, it easily has electrons taken off it)
define atomic radius
a measure of the size of an elements atoms. increases as shells are added but decreases as the core charge gets higher as this pulls valence shell closer to nucleus.
trends of core charge…
increase across a period
remain the same down a group
trends of atomic radius
decreases across a period
increase down a group
trends of metallic character…
decrease across a period
increase down a group
trends of electronegativity…
increases across a period
decreases down a group
trends of 1st ionisation energy…
increases across a period
decreases down a group
trends of shielding
decreases across a period
increases down a group
define a trend
patterns of properties observed on the periodic table.
atomic radius of a cation is…
smaller than the original atom
atomic radius of an anion is…
larger than the original atom
