Chapter 13 - Reactions in Water

Question 1

properties of bases

Answer 1

bitter
may be corrosive
generally ionic
usually insoluble
form electrolytes

Question 2

brosnted-lowry base

Answer 2

a substance that accepts protons

Question 3

common bases

Answer 3

NaOH

KOH

Question 4

properties of acids

Answer 4

sour
corrosive
molecular
soluble 
form electrolytes

Question 5

bronzed-lowry acid

Answer 5

a substance that donates protons

Question 6

common acids

Answer 6

H2SO4
HNO3
HCl
CH3COOH

Question 7

common acid reactions

Answer 7

acid + metal = hydrogen gas + salt

acid + metal carbonate = carbon dioxide + water + salt

acid + base = water + salt

Question 8

what is a conjugate acid-base pair

Answer 8

the acid and base that can be turned into each other by the transfer of a proton/s

Question 9

how to we find a conjugate pair

Answer 9

if its an acid to start we take away H+

if its a base to start we add H+

Question 10

what is a polyprotic acid

Answer 10

acids with can donate more than one proton in a reaction.

monoprotic
diprotic
triprotic

Question 11

what is a amphiprotic substance

Answer 11

a substance which can act as both an acid or a base based on the chemical environment.

Question 12

what molecule characterises acid

Answer 12

H30+ Hydronium ion

Question 13

what molecule characterises base

Answer 13

OH- Hydroxide ion

Question 14

pH log formula

Answer 14

-log[H+] FOR H+ CONC

14 + log [OH-] FOR OH- CONC

Question 15

Define ionisation

Answer 15

where a molecular compound breaks down into ions when dissolving in a solvent

Question 16

define dissociation

Answer 16

where an ionic compound breaks down into ions when dissolving in a solvent. The ions ‘dissociate’ from the lattice.

Question 17

define hydrolysis

Answer 17

a chemical reaction where water is used to break down a compound into specific molecules like ions

Question 18

define the strength of acids and bases

Answer 18

strength refers to the ability for an acid or base to donate or accept protons. strength refers to number of ions present

Question 19

define the concentration of acids and bases

Answer 19

the amount of a an acid or bases dissolved in solution. this does not mean a high concentration= high strength

Question 20

what is a primary standard

Answer 20

a substance that can have its conc accurately determined by weighing an amount and dissolving in water

Question 21

what is a secondary standard

Answer 21

a substance that must have its concentration determined by analysis like a titration experiment.