Chapter 13 - Reactions in Water Flashcards
properties of bases
bitter may be corrosive generally ionic usually insoluble form electrolytes
brosnted-lowry base
a substance that accepts protons
common bases
NaOH
KOH
properties of acids
sour corrosive molecular soluble form electrolytes
bronzed-lowry acid
a substance that donates protons
common acids
H2SO4
HNO3
HCl
CH3COOH
common acid reactions
acid + metal = hydrogen gas + salt
acid + metal carbonate = carbon dioxide + water + salt
acid + base = water + salt
what is a conjugate acid-base pair
the acid and base that can be turned into each other by the transfer of a proton/s
how to we find a conjugate pair
if its an acid to start we take away H+
if its a base to start we add H+
what is a polyprotic acid
acids with can donate more than one proton in a reaction.
monoprotic
diprotic
triprotic
what is a amphiprotic substance
a substance which can act as both an acid or a base based on the chemical environment.
what molecule characterises acid
H30+ Hydronium ion
what molecule characterises base
OH- Hydroxide ion
pH log formula
-log[H+] FOR H+ CONC
14 + log [OH-] FOR OH- CONC
Define ionisation
where a molecular compound breaks down into ions when dissolving in a solvent
define dissociation
where an ionic compound breaks down into ions when dissolving in a solvent. The ions ‘dissociate’ from the lattice.
define hydrolysis
a chemical reaction where water is used to break down a compound into specific molecules like ions
define the strength of acids and bases
strength refers to the ability for an acid or base to donate or accept protons. strength refers to number of ions present
define the concentration of acids and bases
the amount of a an acid or bases dissolved in solution. this does not mean a high concentration= high strength
what is a primary standard
a substance that can have its conc accurately determined by weighing an amount and dissolving in water
what is a secondary standard
a substance that must have its concentration determined by analysis like a titration experiment.
