Chapter 2: The Self in The Social World:

Question 1

Social Cognition?

Answer 1

How we think about one anther.

Question 2

Spotlight effect?

Answer 2

Overestimating the extent at which others attention is aimed at us.

Question 3

What is an example of the spotlight effect?

Answer 3

American Eagle example mentioned in the text.
- College students changed sweatshirts and reentered a room, many of which predicted the other students would notice.

Results: majority of the observing students didn’t notice and this PROVED: that our emotions get the best of us, fewer people notice than we presume.

Question 4

Allusion transperency?

Answer 4

We believe that our emotions are fully displayed on our faces and our body language.

• Key we are often way more opaque than we think.

Question 5

What is an example of allusion transperency?

Answer 5

When speaking with an attractive girl, many are concerned that they will appear to be obliviously nervous, but most of the time no one can notice.

Question 6

What was the Savitsky and Gilovich experiment:

Answer 6

• 40 Cornell students, unexperienced speakers.
• Had them speak in front of each other.
• Students rated themselves more nervous than they were perceived to be, by their partner.
• They retested the groups and proved that in addition to the allusion of transparency that if you explain the concept of AOT prior to their speech they end up doing better.

Question 7

Give an example of Social surroundings effecting our self awareness: (interplay of the self and the social world)

Answer 7

• Being the only White guy in a tribe in Africa, this make many self-conscious.

Question 8

Give an example of how self interest colors our social judgements? (interplay of the self and the social world)

Answer 8

• we attribute what is going well to ourselves or what is going poorly to external sources.

Question 9

Give an example of how Self-concern motivates our social behavior? (interplay of the self and the social world)

Answer 9

• we dress and act our best to make good impression and use others behavior to adjust our own.

Question 10

Give an example of how social relationships define our sense of self? (interplay of the self and the social world)

Answer 10

• we have varying selves we act with our family vs. friends.
• SELF CONCEPTS CHANGE WITH RELATIONSHIPS.

Question 11

What does our sense of self allow us to do?

Answer 11

• organize our thoughts, feelings and actions.
• enables us to remember our past
• asses our present
• predict our future.

Question 12

Self concept theory?

Answer 12

how you would describe yourself.

Question 13

What parts of the brain are involved in self identity?

Answer 13

Right hemisphere.

medial frontal cortex

Question 14

What does the German word- Schadenfreude refer to?

- what concept is this related to?

Answer 14

• Taking pleasure in watching someone we envy fail.

- social comparisons

Question 15

What does the looking glass self theory refer to?

• EX:

Answer 15

• We think other perceive us as a mirror for perceiving ourselves.
• We imagine others see our self concepts based on the way we think our concepts matter.
  ( we use others as a mirror to perceive our self.)
• Ex: someone thinking they are more physically fit than they actually are.

Question 16

How many selves do interdependent selves have?

Answer 16

many

- (how one thinks about and describes the self)

Question 17

in collectivist societies where do positivizes come from?

Answer 17

• good social interactions.
• these societies are dependent on integration of the self with other.
• counties that are eastern and European, typically older societies.

Question 18

When are intuitions and self perceptions accurate?

Answer 18

when:
1.) behavior is conspicuous.
2.) correct explanation fits.
Essentially: when causes or behavior are obvious to an observer they are usually obvious to us as well.

Question 19

What is the illusions of self analysis?

Answer 19

More aware of the results of thinking compared to the process.

Question 20

What is the terror management thoery?

Answer 20

Humans must find ways to manage their overwhelming fear of death.
- acknowledgment of the reality of ones death causes us to gain motivation and gain recognition of our work.

Question 21

When can self esteem back fire?

Answer 21

If it is rooted in one’s self worth.

Question 22

What is Badura’s theory of self efficacy?

Answer 22

• believing our own competence and effectiveness pays dividends.
• strongly connected to worker productivity.

Question 23

T/F humans are most likely disposed to through the lens of pessimism?

Answer 23

F, optimism.

Question 24

What is defensive pessimism?

Answer 24

• a dash of realism.

- this can sometimes save us from unrealistic optimism.

Question 25

What is the false consensus effect?

Answer 25

• On matters of opinion, we find support for our positions by overestimating how much others agree.

Question 26

“we don’t see things as they are, bu we see them as _ _?

Answer 26

as we are.

Question 27

False uniqueness effect?

Answer 27

Seeing one’s talents and moral behaviors as relatively unique.

Question 28

What is self handicapping?

Answer 28

• one sabotaging themselves so their chances of success are diminished.
• Done so one can have an excuse if they fail

Question 29

What is self presentation?

Answer 29

• presenting oneself in their desired self image to both their external and internal selves.

Question 30

Self monitoring?

Answer 30

• social chameleons.

- The are constantly trying to read the social setting around them to adapt their self presentation.

Question 31

Self control can be _?

Answer 31

Strengthened.