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Social Psychology: > Chapter 11: attraction > Flashcards

Chapter 11: attraction Flashcards

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1
Q

What do humans desire?

A

Humans have the desire to belong. When we feel supported by close intimate relationships we tend to be happier and healthier.

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2
Q

How to humans regulate behavior?

A
  • Humans in all cultures use ostracism to regulate behavior.
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3
Q

How powerful is ostracism and what are its effects?

A
  • Ostracism: (acts of excluding or ignoring)
  • it is very powerful.
  • More harmful than bullying.
  • worse for younger people.
  • ## can occur through cyber platforms as well.Results:
  • higher rates of aggression
  • anti social behavior
  • decreased willingness to cooperate and obey rules
  • More self destructive acts: binge drinking, eating , etc.
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4
Q

T/F Tylenol can treat the pain of being ostracized?

A

True.

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5
Q

How does proximity affect relationships?

A

We often like those who we are closest to.

ex: umpires are less likely to call strikes on players they stand by for longer periods of time. (catcher)

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6
Q

What are the two aspects of proximity that contribute to increased odds of likingness?

A
  1. ) Geographical nearness or proximity (e.g. Literally next door; the people at work I like the best have offices near me)
  2. ) Functional Distance: figuratively next door; there are frequent chances for interaction (who parks in the same parking lot, goes to the same gym, walks to class through the same hallways)
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7
Q

How are proximity and likeness related?

A

They correlate fairly closely.

- we are more likely to get into a relationship or like someone who are closer in proximity to.

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8
Q

What is more significant ?
Functional distance or geographical distance?

  • what do these two things contribute to?
A
  • functional distance, this is because repeated exposure and interaction with someone generally causes our infatuation may fix on almost anyone who has roughly similar characteristics and who reciprocates our affection.
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9
Q

What is environmental spoiling?

A
  • Proximity and functional distance contribute to such much contact with an individual that we are able to get to know them better and figure our what we dislike about that person.
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10
Q

What does anticipatory liking lead to?

A
  • Anticipatory liking leads to to increased odds that someone will be pleasant and compatible.
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11
Q

Describe the Mere exposure effect?

A
  • Conducted by Zajonc.
  • ## Flashing Michigan students random words of another language through out the semester and the words they saw more the students ranked as liking more.
  • ## It is the tendency for novel stimuli to be more likeable after we are repeatedly exposed to them.EX:
  • French students were asked to describe their least liked letter in the alphabet. The majority said capital W. This is because it is the least used letter in all of their language.
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12
Q

How is the mere exposure effect, effected when the individuals are unaware of the stimuli?

A
  • it actually works better.
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13
Q

What does Zajonic say about our emotions?

A

Emotions are often more instantaneous than cognition.

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14
Q

What are the negatives associated with the mere exposure effect?

A
  • We may express automatic and unconscious bias towards individuals that are unfamiliar, which can contribute to racial biases.
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15
Q

Good looks are considered to be an (what?)

A

Asset!

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16
Q

(T/F) attractiveness is a good indicator of how frequently someone dates?

A
  • True.
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17
Q
  • Attractive wives lead to (Happier or wasn’t an effect) of the marriage status to the husband.
  • Attractive husband lead to (Happier or wasn’t an effect) of the marriage status to the wives.
A
  1. ) - Happier.

2. ) wasn’t an effect.

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18
Q

Couples that were friends prior to to dating care more or less about physical attraction than those that weren’t friends before dating?

A
  • Less about physical attractiveness.
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19
Q

Is being ugly but well dressed likely going to yield the most votes?

A

NO! Those who pull will receive the most votes.

20
Q

Describe the matching phenomenon?

A

The matching phenomenon claims that we as men and women have a tendency to choose partners according to those who are a “good match” in attractiveness (as well as similarity in other traits) or some compensatory qualities when there is a mismatch.

21
Q

Why does the matching phenomenon exist?

A

likely as the result of individuals not wanting to waste their time trying to go for someone out of their realm of attraction and or status.

22
Q

How can you explain relationships in which the individuals differ significantly in attractiveness?

A
  • The other generally is compensating in wealth, heighted social status or some other compensatory quality.
23
Q

What is the physical-attractive stereotype and is it valid?

A
  1. ) Stereotype that assumes physically attractive individuals also contain qualities and or other desirable traits as well (schemas).
    - These individuals are preferred for that reason alone.
    - “what is beautiful is good.”

2.) True for the most part.

24
Q

What is the earnings effect?

A

Attractive men often get compensated as if they attended an extra 1.5 years of education (on top of what they actually make).

25
Q

To be really attractive, ironically is to be …….?

A

Perfectly average.

26
Q

What kinds of faces are considered to most attracitve?

A

Those that are most symmetrical.

27
Q

Is attraction subjective?

A

incredibly, various from culture to region to persons to person.

28
Q

from an evolutionary perspective, what is considered attractive?

A

Women: women prefer men who have attractive faces and who are lean. In most cases this signifies a higher sperm quality.
- This included more muscular men because they were more likely to be able to gather food and resources. Now wealthier men as seen to be very attractive as they can provide resources via their wealth.

men: men prefer younger women with an hourglass figure as they have more regular menstrual cycles.

29
Q

How does watching pornographic films effect the way we view others?

A

It increases our standards and often lowers our satisfaction with our own partner.

30
Q

(t/f) liking someone for who they are makes them more physically attractive?

A
  • True.

- Democrats find Barack Obama more attractive than republicans do.

31
Q

(t/f) alikeness leads to liking?

A

true, those that share similar opinions are likely to view one anther in a higher regard.

32
Q

What is the false consensus bias?

A
  • The tendency to think that others share our opinions to a much greater extent than they actually do.
33
Q

When do we often dislike others?

A

In most instances where we use the false consensus bias and inaccurately attribute the other individual to sharing our beliefs.
- when we find out others differ than us it usually leads to feelings of disliking.

34
Q

What is more potent, bad or good events?

A

bad events always stick with us more so than good events.

35
Q

T/F we often perceive a negative comment to be more genuine and sincere than a compliement?

A

True.

36
Q

Who are most attracted to ?

A

Those we find satisfying and gratifying to be with. Attraction is in the eye (and brain) of the beholder.

37
Q

What is the reward theory of attraction?

A

Those who reward us, or whom we associate with rewards, we like. If a relationship gives us more rewards than costs, we will like it and will want it to continue.

38
Q

What is the effect of associating your relationship with good things? (vacations, dates etc.)

A
  • you associate your relationship as good.
39
Q

Describe the love triangle’s components?

A

three components:

  1. ) passion
  2. ) intimacy
  3. ) commitment
40
Q

mutual gaze vs. averted eye gaze conveys what?

A
  1. ) liking

2. ) ostracism

41
Q

What is passionate love?

A
  • Is emotional, exciting, intense.
  • Elaine Hatfield (1988) defined it as “a state of intense longing for union with another”
  • If reciprocated, one feels fulfilled and joyous;
42
Q

What is the two factor theory of emotion?

A

When reeved up (physical arousal, doesn’t even have to be sexual), men attributed their own emotions to being attracted to a female.

43
Q

Adrenaline makes the heart (what what..?

A

Grow fonder.

44
Q

What does passionate love do to the Brain?

A

It activates dopamine rich centers.

45
Q

What gender falls in love more readily?

A

Men

Social Psychology: (11 decks)

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