Chapter 2: Similarity Flashcards

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1
Q

theories of similarity (4)

A
  1. geometric model
  2. contrast model
  3. alignment model
  4. transformational model
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2
Q

geometric model

A
  • similarity is represented in psychological space
  • similarity rating task - ppl rate the similarity of one object to another
  • multi-dimensional scaling - dimensions of object are given by K & described mathematically
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3
Q

city block (geometric model)

A
  • dimensions are perceptually separable
  • ex: height & weight
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4
Q

euclidean (geometric model)

A
  • dimensions are perceptually inseparable
  • ex: colour hues
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5
Q

core assumptions of the geometric model (3)

A
  1. minimality
  2. triangle inequality
  3. symmetry
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6
Q

minimality (core assumption of geometric model)

A
  • a thing must be closer/more similar to itself than it is to any other object
  • A:A > A:B
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7
Q

symmetry (core assumption of geometric model)

A
  • A:B = B:A
  • comparison order does not matter
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8
Q

triangle inequality (core assumption of geometric model)

A
  • a straight line connecting 2 points is the shortest path between the points
  • psychological distance between 2 pairs must be greater than or equal to the distance between any 1 pair
  • ex: Jamaica is similar to Cuba & Cuba is similar to Russia BUT Jamaica is NOT similar to Russia
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9
Q

contrast model

A
  • similarity of A to B is expressed as linear combination of the measure of common & distinctive features
  • ex: North Korea is more similar to Red China than vice versa b/c Red China has more distinctive features
  • focus on features
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10
Q

transformational model

A
  • objects are similar if they can be transformed
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11
Q

3 inch round object study

A
  • quarter is more similar to 3 inch round object but pizza is more likely to get classification
  • asked about similarity = fixed (quarter)
  • asked about category = variable (pizza)
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