Chapter 1: Introduction Flashcards
1
Q
what is thinking?
A
- subset of mental activity that involves working w mental representations, planning & coordinating behaviours
2
Q
theoretical approaches to thinking (3)
A
- gestalt approach
- cognitive approach
- dual process account
3
Q
gestalt approach
A
- law of proximity & similarity
- does NOT see the mind as a blank slate
- perceive the whole vs components
4
Q
law of proximity (gestalt approach)
A
- states that features or figures that are near each other will tend to be perceived as belonging to a common object
5
Q
law of similarity (gestalt approach)
A
- states that elements or features in a group of objects are perceived as belonging together if the objects are similar to each other
6
Q
productive thinking (gestalt approach)
A
- thinking that generates new ideas, behaviours or conclusions about the world
- solving a problem w an insight
7
Q
reproductive thinking (gestalt approach)
A
- emphasizes the recall of information from memory
- refer to remembered examples/rules
8
Q
cognitive approach
A
- thinking can be studied experimentally
- emphasizes cognition, mental representation & information processing
9
Q
cognitive approach book
A
“A study of thinking”
- book helped usher modern era of information processing accounts of thinking
10
Q
mental representations (cognitive approach)
A
- stable state of activation within a cognitive system that corresponds to an event, object or idea
- thinking process in manipulating internal representations we have
11
Q
symbolic processing (cognitive approach)
A
- idea that thinking involves manipulating & processing symbols that correspond to things & ideas int he world
12
Q
dual process account
A
- system 1 & system 2
13
Q
system 1 (dual process account)
A
- faster
- more intuitive
- evolutionary primitive system
- unconscious
14
Q
system 2 (dual process account)
A
- slower
- more deliberate
- evolutionarily more recent
- conscious decisions
15
Q
challenges to thinking (2)
A
- multitasking
- incomplete evidence
16
Q
multitasking
A
- phones, notifications
- the constant switching is the cost
17
Q
presence of a phone study
A
- having a phone in front of you causes you to get distracted
- having a phone in pocket or in a bag also affects you
18
Q
laptops vs pen & paper study
A
- ppl who use laptops transcribe more = worse results b/c it is much easier to understand information when you put it into your own words
- BUT performance on the factual and conceptual test questions would be the same between laptop & pen/paper
- memorizing = laptop
- critical thinking = pen & paper
19
Q
incomplete evidence
A
- ppl use technology to take on some of the functions of human cognition (cognitive offloading)
20
Q
cognitive offloading study
A
- ppl who used internet on the 1st phase were more likely to use internet in the 2nd phase BUT ppl who used memory in 1st phase were less likely to use internet in 2nd phase
