Chapter 2-Show up Fitness Review for NASM CPT

Question 1

Human Movement System = Nervous System, Muscular System, and Skeletal System.
Few things to know…

Answer 1

• Human Movement System = Nervous System, Muscular System, and Skeletal System.
• Nervous System basic unit is called the neuron which has 3-parts (Axon, Dendrites, and Cell
Body.)
• Muscular System basic unit is called the sarcomere. At the center of the sarcomere are
myofilaments Actin (thin) and Myosin (thick) filaments.
• Skeletal System = Basic unit is Osteon. 206 bones of which 126 are a part of the
appendicular (freely moving bones i.e. femur), 80 are within the axial (fixed skeleton i.e.
sternum)
• Epimyosium is a sheath of connective tissue surrounding the muscle.
• Fascicle is a bundle of muscle fibers

Question 2

Type I muscle fibers aka SLOW TWITCH:

Answer 2

Aerobic / Oxidative (uses fat as fuel), smaller, more
endurance, more blood flow, 12+ repetitions, an example of an athlete would be a long distance runner, and an example of a muscle primarily composed of type 1 fibers would be
the heart and calves.

Question 3

Type II muscle fibers aka FAST TWITCH:

Answer 3

Anaerobic (use carbs are fuel), larger, power and
force production, quick to fatigue, less blood flow, 1-12 repetitions, an example of an
athlete is a power lifter / sprinter / basketball player, and an example of a muscle primarily
composed of type II fibers would be the quads and chest.

Question 4

Catabolic Hormones?
Anabolic Hormones?
Pancreas?

Answer 4

Catabolic Hormones (Break down): Cortisol and Glucagon.
• Anabolic Hormones (Build up): Insulin and Testosterone.
• The Pancreas produces Insulin

Question 5

What is Agonist?

Answer 5

Agonist = main mover of an exercise
• Bench Press = Chest (Pectoralis Major)
• Lat Pull-Down = Back (Latissimus Dorsi aka lats)
• Military Press = Shoulders (Deltoids)
• Squats = Quads and Glutes

Question 6

What is Synergist?

Answer 6

Synergist = secondary / assister to prime mover
• Bench Press = Triceps / Anterior Deltoid
• Lat Pull-Down = Biceps
• Military Press = Triceps
• Squats = Hamstrings

Question 7

What is Antagonist?

Answer 7

Antagonist = opposite of agonist
• Bench Press = Posterior Deltoid 
• Lat Pull-Down = deltoid
• Military Press = Back
• Squats = Psoas Major
• Stabilizer = stabilizes
• Any upper body exercise = Rotator Cuff
• Any lower body exercise = Core

Question 8

Example Test Questions

Answer 8

What percentage of the population experience low back pain?
A- 1/5 B- 2/5 C- 3/5 D- *4/5
What type of joint primarily moves in one plane of motion?
A- Ball and Socket B- Saddle C- *Hinge D- Nonsynovial
What layer of connective tissue is underneath the fascia and surrounds the muscles?
A- Endomysium B- Perimysium C- Tendon D- *Epimysium
Which of the following is the antagonist for the Lat pull-down?
A- *Deltoids B-Chest C-Triceps D- Core

Question 9

What are Mechanoreceptors?

Answer 9

Sensory receptors responsible for sensing distortion in body tissues.

1. Muscle Spindle
2. Golgi Orgon Tendon
3. Joint Receptor

Question 10

What are muscle spindles?

Answer 10

Receptors sensitive to change in *length of the muscle and the rate of that change.

Question 11

What is Golgi Organ Tendon?

Answer 11

Receptors sensitive to change in *tension of the muscle and the rate of that change.

Question 12

What is Joint Receptos?

Answer 12

Receptors surrounding a joint that responds to pressure, acceleration, and deceleration of the joint.

Question 13

What is the Arthrokinematics?

Answer 13

The motions of joints in the body.

Question 14

What is a neuron?

Answer 14

The functional unit of the nervous system.

Has 3 parts:

1. Axon
2. Dendrites
3. Cell body