Chapter 2: Organization of the body Flashcards
Cells
Individual units found in all parts of the human body
Tissues
Similar cells grouped together to do a specific job
Organs
Structures composed of several kinds of tissue
Systems
Groups of organs working together to perform complex functions
Cranial Cavity
Brain and pituitary gland
Thoracic Cavity
Chest organs, lungs, and heart
Abdominal Cavity
Digestive organs: stomach, small and large intestines, spleen, and pancreas
Pelvic Cavity
urinary and reproductive : urinary bladder, ureters, urethra, rectum, anus, ovaries, and uterus
Spinal Cavity
Nervous system; Spinal column and nerves of the spinal cord
Cervical Division (spinal column)
Neck region (7 vertebra)
Thoracic Division (spinal column)
Chest region (12 vertebra)
Lumbar Division ( spinal column)
going or waist region (5 vertebra)
Sacral Division (spinal column)
sacrum or lower back (1 vertebra)
Coccygeal Division (spinal column)
Coccyx or tailbone (1 vertebra)
Frontal (coronal) Plane
Vertical plane that divides the body or body part, into front and back portions
Sagittal (lateral) Plane
Another type of vertical plane that divides the body or organ into left and right sides
Midsagittal Plane
Divides body vertically into right and left halves
Transverse (axial) Plane
Horizontal plane that divides the body or organ into upper and lower portions, as in a cross - section
Circulatory system
Transports blood: heart, blood, and blood vessels
Lymphatic System
Lymph vessels and nodes that carry lymph, important role is immunity
Digestive System
Breaks down food: brings food into the body and breaks it down so it can enter into the bloodstream
Endocrine System
Composed of glands; sends chemical messengers called hormones into the blood
Reproductive System
Produces sex hormones: ovaries and testes, produce the cells that join to form embryo
Musculoskelal System
Including muscles, bones, and connective tissues; supports the body and allows it to move
Nervous System
Carries electrical messages to and from the brain and spinal cord
Respiratory Sytem
Transports air: controls breathing, a process in which air enters and leaves the body
Urinary System
Produces urine and sends urine and wastes out of the body through the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra
Skin and Sense Organs
Including skin, eyes, and ears - receives messages from enviornment and sends them to the brain
